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Chemical Tests for Salicylic Acid and Related Compounds

This guide outlines specific chemical tests to differentiate substances like salicylic acid, aldehydes, ketones, and related compounds, detailing reactions and color changes for identification purposes. It covers tests such as the Iodoform test, Na–nitroprusside test, auto-oxidation test, and more.

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Chemical Tests for Salicylic Acid and Related Compounds

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  1. Specific test

  2. Salicylic acid test • Ald. + few salicylic acid + 4 drops Conc. H2SO4 (on the wall) Crimson red color Not done 2. Iodoform test Ald. + H2O + 10% NaOH + xss I2 1. No reaction Yellow ppt 3. Na– nitroprusside test Ald. + Na– nitroprusside + xss 10% NaOH No reaction Red color 2.

  3. 1. Auto oxidation test White crystals of benzoic acid −− 2. Iodoform test 1. No reaction Yellow ppt 3. Na– nitroprusside test 2. No reaction Red color 4. Odour Bitter almond odor −− 3. Meta– dinitrobenzene test Acetophenone + Ethaol + few gm m-dinitrobenzene + xss 10% NaOH Violet color in the alcoholic layer −−

  4. 1. Iodoform test Yellow ppt 2. Na– nitroprusside test Specific test of Chlorahydrate: Red color 3. Meta– dinitrobenzene test Acetone + few gm m-dinitrobenzene + xss 10% NaOH shaking Deep violet color & slowly fade 1. Soda lime Sweety odor of chloroform odour 2. 30% NaOH Sweety odor of chloroform odour + droplets of oil Separation of an oily layer of Chloral 3. Conc H2SO4

  5. 1725 cm -1 C=O streatching band of aldehyde 1715 cm -1 C=O streatching band of ketone < 3000 cm -1 CH aliphatic streatching band > 3000 cm -1 CH aromatic streatching band

  6. aldehyde keton

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