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Life Cycle Assessment of biomethane public transport

Life Cycle Assessment of biomethane public transport. Jan Paul Lindner Dept. Life Cycle Engineering (GaBi) Chair of Building Physics (LBP) Universität Stuttgart 14 th September 2010, Brussels. Outline. Life Cycle Assessment methodology Product systems Multitude of environmental impacts

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Life Cycle Assessment of biomethane public transport

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  1. 14th September 2010

  2. Life Cycle Assessmentof biomethane public transport Jan Paul Lindner Dept. Life Cycle Engineering (GaBi) Chair of Building Physics (LBP) Universität Stuttgart 14th September 2010, Brussels

  3. Outline • Life Cycle Assessment methodology • Product systems • Multitude of environmental impacts • Biomethane from an environmental point of view • Overview • Feedstock generation • Digestion • Upgrading • Distribution • Use

  4. „Cradle to grave“ approach Resource extraction and processing Materials production, product assembly Use phase End-of-life Modular inclusion of other product systems LCA – product systems 4

  5. LCA – product systems CO2 CO CF4 SO2 NOX CH4 HF NOX HCl N2O Climate change, resource consumption, acid rain, summer smog, overfertilisation... Potential impact Impactassessment NH3 PO43– ... NH4+ Life cycleinventory Output Output Output Output Output Input Input Input Input Input Resourceextraction Intermediatesproduction Productassembly Usephase Disposal/recycling Life cycle

  6. LCA – product systems System boundary Process 1 Process 2 Process 3 Output Input Input Output 6

  7. LCA – product systems 7

  8. „Environment“ more than just climate Impact categories in Biogasmax Global Warming Potential (GWP100) Eutrophication Potential (EP) Acidification Potential (AP) Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) Fossil Primary Energy Demand (PEfossil) Presentation limited to climate impacts Full report coming soon LCA – environmental impacts 8

  9. Biomethane – overview Feedstock Digestion Upgrading Distribution Use Waterscrubbing Waste Truck Chemical absorption Sludge Vehicles Digestion Pipeline Biomass Pressure swing adsorption 9

  10. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 10

  11. Environmental impact (climate) Tailpipeemissions GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Life cycleemissions Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use Negative emission? 11

  12. Municipal organic waste Life cycle accounted for in original product system Waste considered “burden free” in biomethane system Sewage sludge Same as municipal waste Dedicated biomass production Feedstock produced exclusively for digestion to biogas Environmental burden of production attributed to biomethane Feedstock generation 12

  13. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 13

  14. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use Biogenic CO2 = part of the natural carbon cycle 14

  15. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use Biogenic CO2 = part of the natural carbon cycle 15

  16. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Release of same amount of CO2 to atmosphere Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use Fixing of CO2 from atmosphere Biogenic CO2 = part of the natural carbon cycle 16

  17. Heat management Dry matter content of slurry defines heat demand Impact depends on type of fuel, combustion conditions Biogas slip from digester Potentially important GWP and POCP contribution Residue valorisation Fertiliser Combustible Filler material Digestion 17

  18. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Sludgethickening Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 18

  19. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 19

  20. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Methane slip? Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 20

  21. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use Residuevalorisation 21

  22. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use Residuevalorisation 22

  23. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 23

  24. District heating Mostly waste heat from industry  considered “renewable” Landfill gas Contains ca. 40% methane and lots of impurities Combustion for heat rather than upgrading Landfill emissions allocated based on revenue shares generated from waste disposal and gas sales Digestion 24

  25. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Renewable heat source Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 25

  26. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 26

  27. Water scrubbing, PSA Electricity consumption decisive Chemical absorption Heat consumption decisive Methane slip Important GWP and POCP contribution Several mitigation measures exist Conditioning Addition of fossil materials reduces advantage Upgrading 27

  28. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Methaneelimination Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 28

  29. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 29

  30. Pipeline transport Little influence on overall result Methane slip potentially important GWP, POCP contribution Truck transport Higher impact than pipeline transportbut no dominant factor in life cycle Filling stations Impact sensitive to power grid mix Methane slip potentially important GWP, POCP contribution Distribution 30

  31. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 31

  32. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Methane slip? Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 32

  33. Vehicles Busses Heavy duty vehicles, e.g. garbage trucks Cabs, private cars Use 33

  34. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Engine emissions, e.g. NOX, CO Biogenic CO2 Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 34

  35. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 35

  36. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Feedstock Production Upgrading Distribution Use 36

  37. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Biomethanetotal 37

  38. Environmental impact (climate) GWP [kg CO2equivalent] Biomethanetotal 38

  39. Climate/carbon neutrality of Biomethane Low climate impact, though not 100% climate neutral Considerable improvement potential (technology just stretching into market) Critical points for climate impact Reduction of methane slip at every stage Valorisation of by-products Presentation limited to climate impacts Other impacts may (and do) behave differently Conclusion 39

  40. Contact Dipl.-Ing. Jan Paul Lindner Dept. Life Cycle Engineering (GaBi) Chair of Building Physics (LBP) University of Stuttgart Hauptstr. 113 70771 Echterdingen Germany Tel. +49-711-489999-25 Fax +49-711-489999-11 E-mail jan-paul.lindner@lbp.uni-stuttgart.de

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