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Introduction. The context ? FJC PaperThe legal frameworkCurrent practiceProposals for practice. What's behind all of this?. Discourses and constructions of childhoodQuestions about the system and practitionersThe participation agenda ? children's rights and children's agency. Research, commen
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1. Ann Potter
Senior Lecturer
Manchester Metropolitan University The right to be seen as well as heard? Contemplating the direct involvement of children & young people in family proceedings
2. Introduction
The context – FJC Paper
The legal framework
Current practice
Proposals for practice
3. What’s behind all of this?
Discourses and constructions of childhood
Questions about the system and practitioners
The participation agenda – children’s rights and children’s agency
4. Research, commentary & case law
Children as witnesses
Judges interviewing children
The role of the FCA
Perspectives on participation
Children’s perceptions of participation and decision making
5. Challenges and assumptions
“Wishes and feelings” – an objective truth?
Interpretive filters
Children’s rights and the welfare principle: myths around agency and decision making?
Practical challenges: courtrooms and judges’ chambers as “children's spaces”
6. “Effective Practice” & the participation agenda Clarity of purpose
Creativity
Conscious awareness of the influences of ideology & dominant discourses
Participatory research
7. References & Further Reading Ang, F., Berghmans, E., Cattrijsse, L., Delens-Ravier, I., Delplace, M., Staelens, V., Vandewiele, T., Vandresse, C. & Verheyde, M.; 2006; Participation Rights of Children; Antwerpen-Oxford: Intersentia
Archard, D.; 2003; Children, Family & the State; Ashgate Publishing Ltd
Crichton, N; 2006; Newsline: Children’s Involvement in Court; in Family Law Vol 36: 170 (2)
Crichton, N; 2006; Listening to Children; in Family Law Vol 36: 849
Davis, L.; 2007; In Practice: Children in Court; in Family Law Vol 37: 65
Family Justice Council (Voice of the Child Sub-Group); March 2008; Enhancing the Participation of Children and Young People in Family Proceedings: Starting the Debate; www.family-justice-council.org.uk
Hale, B.; The Voice of the Child; International Family Law Journal [2007] IFL 171
Invernizzi, A & Williams, J; 2008; Children & Citizenship; Sage
Lowe, N.; 2001; Children’s Participation in the Family Justice System – Translating Principles into Practice; in Child and Family Law Quarterly Vol 13: 137
8. References & Further Reading (cont.) Macdonald, A.; The Voice of the Child: Still a Faint Cry?; Family Law [2008] 648
Marshall, K.; 1997; Children’s Rights in the Balance: The Participation-Protection Debate; Edinburgh: The Stationery office
Parkinson, P., Cashmore, J. & Single, J.; Parents’ and Children’s Views on Talking to Judges in Parenting Disputes in Australia; International Journal of Law, Policy & the Family [2007] 21 (84)
Parkinson, P. & Cashmore, J.; Judicial Conversations with Children in Parenting Disputes: The Views of Australian Judges; International Journal of Law, Policy & the Family [2007] 21 (160)
Raitt, F.; 2004; Judicial Discretion and methods of Ascertaining the Views of a Child; in Child and Family Law Quarterly Vol 16: 151
Raitt, F.; 2007; Hearing children in family Law proceedings: can judges make a difference?; in Child and Family Law Quarterly Vol 19: 204
Raitt, F.; 2007; ‘Robust and Raring to Go?’ - Judges’ Perceptions of Child Witnesses; in Journal of Law & Society Vol 34:4 pp465-488
9. References & Further Reading (cont.) Roche, J.; 2002; The Children Act 1989 and children’s rights: A critical reassessment; in Franklin, B (Ed); The New Handbook of Children’s Rights: Comparative Policy and Practice; Routlegde
Speech of Judge Peter Boshier; “The Inaugural International Family Justice Lecture”; London 3rd June 2008; www.justice.govt.nz/family/publications/speeches
Speech of Sir Mark Potter President of the Family Division; “The Voice of the Child: Children’s “Rights” in Family Proceedings”; Israel 4th May 2008; www.judiciary.gov.uk/docs/speeches
Timms, J. & Thoburn, J.; 2003; Your shout! A survey of the views of 706 Children & Young People in Public Care; London: NSPCC
Timms, J., Bailey, S. and Thoburn, J.; 2007; Your shout too! A survey of the views of children and young people involved in court proceedings when their parents divorce or separate; London: NSPCC
10. Selected Case Law
B v B (Minors) (Interviews and Listing Arrangements) [1994] 2 FLR 489
Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority [1986] AC 112
LM (By her Guardian) v Medway Council, RM & YM [2007] EWCA Civ 9, [2007] 1 FLR 1698
Mabon v Mabon [2005] EWCA Civ 634
Re M ( A Child) (Care Proceedings: Witness Summons) [2007] EWCA Civ 9
Re O & ANOR (Children: Care Proceedings Evidence) [2003] EWHC 2011 (Fam)
Re P (A Minor) (Witness Summons) [1997] 2 FLR 447
Re R (A Minor) (Residence: Religion) [1993] 2 FLR 163, CA
R v B County Council & , ex parte P [1991] 2 All ER 65