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Asking Good Questions

Learn about the different levels of data measurement - nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio - and understand how to use them in research. Explore methods like Likert scales and graphic rating scales for measuring attitudes effectively.

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Asking Good Questions

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  1. Asking Good Questions Chapter 7

  2. Scales of Measurement • Nominal • Ordinal • Interval • Ratio

  3. Nominal Level Data • Identification • Examples: • Mode Source: packers.wikia.com

  4. Ordinal Level Data • Order • Examples: • Median Source: collegefootballpoll.com

  5. Interval Level Data • Can compare based on size of differences among and between members • Examples: • Mean Source: en.wikipedia.org

  6. Ratio Level Data • Absolute zero and comparison of absolute magnitudes • Examples: • Mean Source: www.iruler.net

  7. Measuring Attitudes • Self-reports • Itemized-Rating Scales • Likert-scales • Semantic differential scales • Graphic rating scales • Comparative rating scales • Constant sum scale • Halo effect

  8. Other Considerations • Number of Items • Global measures • Composite measures • Number of Scale Positions • Include “Don’t Know” or “N/A”??

  9. Establishing Validity & Reliability • Two types of errors • Systematic error • Random error • Validity • “Extent to which differences in scores on an instrument measure true differences among individuals on the characteristic it intends to measure” • Reliability

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