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Pancreas

Pancreas. Brendan Schmidt and Alex Barnett. Location. The pancreas is about 6 inches long and sits across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach. The head of the pancreas is on the right side of the abdomen. Location (cont). Hormones.

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Pancreas

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  1. Pancreas Brendan Schmidt and Alex Barnett

  2. Location • The pancreas is about 6 inches long and sits across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach. The head of the pancreas is on the right side of the abdomen.

  3. Location (cont)

  4. Hormones • The pancreatic gland produces both glucagon and insulin. • Glucagon elevates the amount of glucose in the endocrine system. It has the opposite effect as insulin. • Insulin helps with the regulation of glucose (sugar) in the blood system. Lack of insulin leads to diabetes and excess of insulin leads to “endless hunger”.

  5. Effects on Homeostasis • If beta cells don’t produce enough insulin, or the body doesn’t respond to the insulin that is present, glucose builds up in the blood instead of being absorbed by cells in the body, leading to pre-diabetes or diabetes • Maintaining homeostasis often requires conditions to be limited to a narrow range. When conditions exceed the upper limit of homeostasis, a specific action, usually the production of a hormone, is triggered. When conditions return to normal, hormone production is discontinued

  6. Feedback Mechanisms • The control of blood glucose levels operates by what is known as a negative feedback mechanism. • When the blood sugar level rises in the body, the pancreas will detect the rise and release insulin into the bloodstream, thus lowering the blood sugar levels. Once the blood sugar levels fall, the pancreas stop pumping out insulin. Glucagon does the opposite.

  7. Antagonistic Hormones • If conditions exceed the lower limit of homeostasis, a different action, usually the production of a second hormone, is triggered. These are antagonistic hormones. • Several cells in the pancreas called pancreatic islets contain two kinds of cells: alpha cells and beta cells. These cells control blood glucose concentration by producing the antagonistic hormones insulin and glucagon.

  8. Releasing Hormones and Glands • The pancreas excretes enzymes to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids in food. • Functioning as an endocrine gland, the pancreas secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar levels throughout the day.  The actions of an enzyme

  9. Release-Inhibiting Hormones and Glands • Somatostatin (also known as the Somatostatin Release-Inhibiting Factor, SRIF) is a hormone produced to halt the release of pancreatic hormones. • It is secreted in the delta cells of the pancreas.

  10. Dysfunctions of the Pancreas • HYPOGLYCEMIA • Food is poorly absorbed, which causes weight loss, and there is diarrhea, often rather fatty as the undigested fat causes pale, bulky and smelly motions. • If not enough insulin is made, diabetes develops with frequent passage of urine and weight loss • Give sugar to increase • HYPERGLYCEMIA • same as symptoms of diabetes type 2, being overly or excessively thirsty, and Severely high levels of blood sugar may cause confusion or a coma • Give insulin to reduce • NO HOROMONES PRODUCED • Monitor closely and check regularly

  11. Resources • http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/anatomy-and-physiology/the-endocrine-system/antagonistic-hormones • http://www.mydr.com.au/gastrointestinal-health/pancreas-and-insulin • http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/diabetes/lack-of-insulin-affect-your-body.htm • http://www.biologyreference.com/Bl-Ce/Blood-Sugar-Regulation.html#b • http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20102/bio%20102%20lectures/endocrine%20system/endocrin.htm • http://www.mims.co.uk/news/882288/Pancreas-Pancreatitis/

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