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Russian Revolution. What inspired people to revolt during the French Revolution in the late 18 th century?. How and Why : The French Revolution… WASTE. W ars (in Europe & competition for colonies: markets and resources ) A bsolutism
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What inspired people to revolt during the French Revolution in the late 18th century?
How and Why: The French Revolution…WASTE • Wars • (in Europe & competition for colonies: markets and resources) • Absolutism • (people wanted to replace it with representative gov’t & social contract… popular sovereignty) • Social Class • (new social classes form (3rd estate rises up…) • Taxes & Debt • (How do you pay for all those wars? Taxation! Louis XVI was the King of Debt…) • Enlightenment • (there was no turning back after the philosophes… Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, etc…)
November 1917: The Bolsheviks have taken over Russia ! This incredible event has just happened ! But its causes go back many years… To find out how this event finally happened, here are a series of headlines from newspapers between 1904 and 1917... Our main question: Were W.A.S.T.E. causes also at play in the Russian Revolution?
NEWSFLASH 1!—February 8, 1904 Japan Torpedos Russian Ship in Port Arthur!! War Breaks Out Between Russia and Japan!! Vying for control over the Korean peninsula and influence in China, Japan and Russia finally face-off. Of these two emerging industrial powers, who will be the winner? European governments and the United States say the safe bet is on the Russians—their fellow Europeans… Event: The Russo-Japanese War – 1904-5
Newsflash 2! Sunday, Bloody Sunday!!—January 9th, 1905 Unhappy about the cost of the losing war with Japan (and its effect on Russian society) Peaceful demonstrators arrived at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg to present a petition to the czar. The Imperial Guard fired on the crowd, killing around 200 and wounding 800!! Trust in the czar and the Russian Monarchy has never been lower…
NEWSFLASH 3! –September 5th, 1905 Japan Victorious In Asia! Unable to compete with superior Japanese military technology and industrial production, Russia signs the Treaty of Portsmouth. In accordance with the terms of the Treaty, Russia has to leave Manchuria, given Port Arthur to the Japanese and admit that Korea is once and for all in the Japanese sphere of influence. Rumors of deep dissatisfaction among the Russian people grow…
NEWSFLASH 4! Revolt !!!!!—October 17th, 1905 Angry about the loss to Japan, and furious about the violent suppression on Bloody Sunday, the Russians rise up and demand the government reforms! Overwhelmed by this opposition, the czar signs a constitution and establishes a Parliament: called the Duma. However, many Russians suspect the Duma will not hold any real power, and the czar will continue to hold the real power…
Newsflash 5! War Breaks Out In Europe!!! —June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated and Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary to protect its brother slavs in Serbia!! (Oh, you know about all this…) What you don’t know is that although the war is unpopular with the Russian people the czar forces his country to fight—proving once and for all the powerlessness of the Duma. The anger of the people is boiling over…
NEWSFLASH 6! Revolt Again!?!?!—February, 1917 Russians are angry about the loss of life in World War I and food shortages continue, so they are rioting to demand an end to the war and an end to the shortages!! The Bolsheviks (communists) are the only political party that is against the war, so the rioters asked the Bolsheviks to lead them! But the government sends in troops to stop the rioters. Fearing persecution and execution, the leader of the Bolsheviks, Vladimir Lenin, flees to Europe. Czar Nicholas wants to regain total power and break up the Duma, but they ignore him and set up the Provisional Government—a temporary government to see Russia through the chaos…and the czarleaves the throne. The Russian people are hopeful that the Provisional Government will support their goals…
Newsflash 7! Important decisions have just been made! March 1917: The Provisional Government’s decisions ! Decision 1: The Provisional Government will not end the war because the Germans would make the Russians pay too great a price (like giving up Poland) if they surrender! Decision 2: The Provisional Government will not give the peasants back their land. They worry that if they start giving back land, Russian soldiers will leave the war and return to claim their land!
Newsflash 8! Lenin Has Returned!! April 17, 1917 Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks, has just returned to Russia! He is desperate to see the Bolsheviks take power ! He makes an important speech from the train station as soon as he arrives ! Here is a painting showing him delivering his speech.
Lenin’s ideas are: • “Peace, Land and Bread!”and “All Power to the Soviets” • So he wants: • An end to the war with Germany… • Land taken from the nobles and given to the peasants • Soviets (communist leaders) to take power • “No co-operation with the Provisional Government!” • These ideas come to be known as the April Theses! • Is change on the way…?
NEWSFLASH 10! Revolt YET Again!?!?!—October 25, 1917 That’s right: inspired by the words of Lenin and the Bolsheviks, the soviets of Russia finally rise up in revolution... they overthrow the czar AND the Provisional Government!! This great event is known as: The Bolshevik Revolution (aka: The Russian Revolution) They establish a new government—the Soviet Union, led by Lenin and start making changes like…
Epilogue Newsflash: Russia Drops Out Of War!! Signing the Decree of Peace—promising an end to the war with Germany. And the Decree on Land—promising to take land from the Russian nobles and give it to the people… Long Live The Revolution!!! Everything is SURE to be better now…
How and Why: The Russian Revolution…WAST-MC! • Wars • (in Europe & competition for colonies: markets and resources) • Absolutism • (people wanted to replace it with communist leaders [Soviets]) • Social Class • (the working class and peasants [serfs] revolt against the monarchy, the nobles and the industrial capitalists, completely changing the social order) • Taxes & Debt • (How do you pay for all those wars? Taxation! Czar Nicholas II played it just liked Louis XIV) • Marxism-Communism • (there was no turning back after Karl Marx and the Communist Manifesto… a new generation of Soviet politicians inspires the working class to overthrow the corrupt government and set up a “dictatorship of the proletariat”)
Age of Anxiety:Challenges to the System • During the Civil War – 1918-20 • The Execution of Tsar & family • 10,000,000 lives lost Russian soldiers join Bolsheviks at the Winter Palace Red Army Train
Challenges to the System • Communism in Russia • War Communism • The New Economic Policy • Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) • First Five-Year Plan • Collectivization of Agriculture • punishing kulaks
Challenges to the Liberal Order • Communism in Russia • The Great Purge, 1934 • “Congress of Victors” • “Congress of Victims” • Labor camps • “cleansing” Stalin faces down “Capitalist Enemies” ~ 1930s poster
We are still the only country of the proletarian dictatorship and are surrounded by capitalist countries, many of which are far in advance of us technicallyand economically…. We must overtake and outstrip the advanced technology of the developed capitalist countries. That is why a fast rate of development of our industry is necessary and imperative.
Government controls all media Constant propaganda in support of government policies Education used to teach children service to the state Must join the “Party” to advance in any profession Government exercises censorship over competing views Terror against “enemies of the state” - secret police, political prisons Persuasion Intimidation
Features of Totalitarianism in Stalinist Russia: Intimidation • Secret Police • Campaigns against kulaks, people who were “wreckers” of the state, national minorities • Gulags - Work camps in Siberia for any critics of the regime • Purge Trials (1936-38) aimed at all opposition to Stalin within the Communist Party • PROPAGANDA!!!
Landlords, kulaks, journalists, capitalists, White Russians, Mensheviks, priests, and drunkards have declared war on the Five Year Plan because they understand that it will bring about their final destruction.
Imperialists Cannot Stop the Victorious Progression of the Five Year Plan!
Religion, Drunkenness and Illiteracy Are the Enemies of Socialist CultureThe active construction of socialism is through literacy.
Stop!Here is something that must be ended.Here is something that needs to be fought: A throw-back to the old regime.Cities will be rendered healthy with proletarian tempering and the will and labor of women.
Let’s raise a generation unconditionally loyal to the cause of communism
