Introduction: Organizational behavior: = Different for each entreprise or organization

1. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Introduction • Introduction: • Organizational behavior: • = Different for each entreprise or organization • = ”Entreprise culture” which contain: The Paradigm, Control Systems, Organizational Structures, Power Structures, Symbols , Rituals and Routines, Stories and Myths... • /!\ Two extrems in order to analyse reality: • Advantages, disadvantages of each models

2. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Plan • Plan: • Main organizational categories related • Dominant atmosphere and organization values • Employee Personality Inventory • Mac Gregor and the Theory X Y • Control system (Authoritarian and cooperative graph)‏ • Conflicts and crisis resolution • Main motivation factors (Maslow's hierarchy of needs)‏ • Training priorities • Blake and mouton managerial grid • Advantages, disadvantages and some numbers

3. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Main organizational categories related • Authoritarian: • Public company (shareholders..)‏ • Public administration (post, ...)‏ • Factory • Limited liability company also • Cooperative: • Limited liability company (with special juridical form)‏ • Financial sector first (bank)‏ • Consumption and production • Agricultural sector • Association & Foundation • Mutual (or Friendly) company • Insertion company

4. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Dominant atmosphere and organization values • Authoritarian: • More about Theory X: • In this theory, management assumes employees are lazy and will avoid work if they can. Because of this, workers need to be closely supervised. A hierarchical structure is needed with narrow span of control at each level. Employees will show little ambition and will avoid responsibility whenever they can. • In the Theory X manager tends to believe that everything must end in blaming someone. • By the way in the Theory X supervisors cannot trust any employee, A Theory X manager can be said to be a booster to employee morale and productivity. • Managers that subscribe to Theory X, tend to take a rather pessimistic view of their employees. The result of this line of thought is that Theory X managers naturally adopt a more authoritarian style based on the threat or punishment.

5. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Dominant atmosphere and organization values • Authoritarian: • Productivity • In Authoritarian Organizations, the productivity is much more based on a scientific division of work (what we know as Taylorism or even Fordism)‏ • This is the result of the fact that usually the work have to be precise and the employees have to produce a big quantity in a time as short as possible (Mc Donald's for exemple) so there is this need of separate the work and specialized employees in their role to make it as best as possible • It is somehow focused on the agregation of individual knowledges more than the global knowledge as a whole.

6. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Dominant atmosphere and organization values • Cooperative • Values of equality, democracy, solidarity, creativity and freedom to take part in activities • Participative and team management • Friendship and autonomy at work added to mental and physical work duties of employees

7. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Dominant atmosphere and organization values • Cooperative • Employees may be ambitious, anxious to accept greater responsibilities • Employees may be also: self-motivated, self-assured, self-disciplined, and self-empowerment • Employees are free to perform at the best of their abilities without being bogged down by rules

8. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Employee Personality Inventory • Authoritarian: • Calm, Accurate, Introverted, Careful, Dependable, Soft-spoken, Punctual, Logical, Precise, Frisky, Efficient • Cooperative: • Energetic, Competitive, Extroverted, Curious, Ambitious, Talkative, Organized, Clever, Innovative, Tolerant, Sociable, Friendly, Outgoing, Enterprising....

9. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Mac Gregor and the Theory X Y

10. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Mac Gregor and the Theory X Y

11. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Mac Gregor and the Theory X Y

12. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Control system • Authoritarian: • Vertical hierarchy • Workers specialized • High level of task division and controls • Chain of command • Cooperative: • Horizontal hierarchy • Workers versatility • Participation in organization and decisions

13. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Authoritarian graph

14. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Cooperative graph Interplay Chairman (or woman) < Enrolled by workers (shareholders are limited to 49%)‏ Assistant(s) elected Office 1 <> Office 2 <> Office 3 (specialize in one domain of activity and versatile)‏ Work force with important dialog with the offices

15. Cooperative: Dialog Debates Vote by associated employees Social, democratic and collective solution Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Conflicts and crisis resolution • Authoritarian: • Fire Employees • Change Firm Strategy • Decisions making by CEO and/or General Manager • Supress the useless Costs (cost reduction)‏

16. Cooperative: Fringe benefits: Life Insurance In case of disability On-the-job trainings activities Social activities Good profil redistribution Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Main motivation factors • Authoritarian: • Compensation: • Pay rates, ranges and advances on pay... • Overtime • Holliday pay • Discounts • Cafetaria, short recreation

17. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Maslow's hierarchy of needs

18. Cooperative: Transfers and rotations (in order to have versatile / adaptable employees)‏ Off-the-job training (scholar education mainly)‏ Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Training priorities • Authoritarian: • Apprentice training • On-the-job training • Coaching or counseling

19. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Blake and mouton managerial grid • Blake and mouton managerial grid consist to advice managers about the attitude to have with the employees. Its differenciate 5 ways to manage functions of the organization.

20. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Blake and mouton managerial grid • Authoritarian (1,1 / 9,1)‏ • a) Define and structure roles, set goals and give orders • b) Believe employees are lazy and extrinsically motivated • c) Manage by setting goals and giving directives without consulting with subordinates • d) Under pressure become anxious and defensive and tend to withdraw

21. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Blake and mouton managerial grid • Cooperative (1,9 / 9,9): • Act in a warm, supportive manner and show concern for the employees • Believe employees are intrinsically motivated • Consult employees, praise them and use a hands–off approach • Under pressure tend to withdraw

22. Cooperative: Creative atmosphere Self-development Job satisfaction Positive attitudes toward the employer and the employees Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Advantages • Authoritarian: • Efficiency / performance • Profit / reliability • Competitivity / competition

23. Cooperative: Human sensibility / risk: Bad relations between employees, if not solved, can destabilize the organization Collective interest, exceed of implication can conduct to stress Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Disadvandtages • Authoritarian: • Organizational Routine (can be good for productivity)‏ • No spaces for employees creativity • Turnover • Burnout

24. Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ Some numbers • Authoritarian: • Costs/hours in the world: • China 0.5 US $ • Brasil 2.83 US $ • USA 15.78 US $ • Germany 27.6 US $ according to the 2004 classification of Werner International. • Cooperative: • 8% GDP and employement in UE and growth in CEEC • 49% is the maximum of capital the shareholders can have in the company

25. THE END QUESTIONS? Organizational Behavior – dr Andrzej Mirski – Presentation by Romain Boussaud & Oscar BenbenAuthoritarian VS Cooperative organizational behavior/ The End