6th Annual Great Corporate Debate

1. 6th AnnualGreat Corporate Debate Corporate Team Training Session # 3 June 12 / 14 Stephen Buchanan Education Consulting

2. Outline of Session # 3 Great Corporate Debate Quick Review of previous sessions Debate Elements, Format, Timeline Basic Strategies Affirmative - Negative Constructive – Rebuttal Detailed Format and Timeline of Responsibilities

3. Debate Teamwork Team vs. Individuals Each participant has a role Everyone participates and contributes Everyone flows

4. Judges’ Evaluations Criteria for winning Formula for winning Strategy for winning BE PREPARED BE PERSUASIVE

5. Judges’ Evaluations Evaluation Format Each speech will be graded (1- 5) in the following criteria. The scores will be added up to determine the overall winner: Content: Argumentation Evidence/Information Strategy/ structure Form: Oral expression Body Language Penalization: Reading Time Inappropriate behavior Failure to make/accept challenge (semi-finals, final)

6. Evaluation Format Content Strategy 1 - 5 Argumentation 1 - 5 Information/Evidence 1 - 5 FormBody language 1 - 5 Oral expression 1 - 5 PenalizationReading 0 - 2 Time 0 - 2 Inappropriate behavior 0 - 2 Failure to make/accept challenge 0 - 2 Two Judges for Content and One Judge for Form in Round Robins and Semi-Finals Debates

7. Debate Elements and Format Flowing / Flow Sheeting Taking notes properly ("flow sheeting“ or "flowing“ is the debate term) is an essential entry level skill . . . In order to answer arguments by your opponents, you must be able to write them down so that you can remember them and respond to them in order. Likewise, your flow sheet becomes the text which you use when you speak. . . it becomes the notes which you speak from . . . More than any other skill besides speaking itself, flow sheeting is important to your debate experience....and important to winning. See Handouts

8. TIMELINE FOR A POLICY DEBATE CONSTRUCTIVE • First Affirmative Constructive 1AC – 3 min • First Negative Constructive 1NC – 3 min • Second Affirmative Constructive 2AC – 4 min • Second Negative Constructive 2NC – 4 min REBUTTAL • First Negative Rebuttal 1NR – 5 min • First Affirmative Rebuttal 1AR – 5 min • Second Negative Rebuttal 2NR – 2 min • Second Affirmative Rebuttal 2AR – 2 min

9. Debate Format Debate Format 1st part: constructive speeches

10. Debate Format Debate Format 2nd part: rebuttal speeches

11. Primary Debate Format & Strategies Affirmative Case First Affirmative Constructive Second Affirmative Constructive First Affirmative Rebuttal Second Affirmative Rebuttal

12. Primary Debate Format & Strategies Negative Case – Attacking the Affirmative Case First Negative Constructive Second Negative Constructive First Negative Rebuttal Second Negative Rebuttal

13. Debate Strategies –The Affirmative Case The problem Status Quo is “evil” Attention (solution) is needed, must be relevant & important. Nothing has been done; nothing has solved the problem. The solution / plan Inherency: causal relationship with the problem Solvency: solves the problem

14. Debate Strategies –The Affirmative Cases The Stock Issue Case Status Quo needs change Plan will provide change Proposed plan is better than Status Quo Chain of Reasoning Case Topical Case Disjunctive Case Residue Case See the TM outline of Affirmative Case

15. Debate Strategies – The Negative Case Attacking the affirmative case : Basic Attack Disadvantages Counterplan Critiques (K) Topicality

16. The Negative Case Basic Attack: • Deny the problem • Attack Significance: no attention (solution) is needed; it’s been attended, solution is on the way. • Attack the solution/ plan • Attack Inherency: deny causal relation between the problem and the plan. • Attack Solvency: deny that the plan solves the problem. • Beware of contradictions if you deny the problem.

17. The Negative Case Disadvantages Attack: Disadvantage is that if we adopted the policy of the other team (plan), something bad would result. Link: causal relation with the plan. Internal links: causal relation within the disadvantage. Beware of the “slippery slope” Impact: something bad /worse WILL happen. Uniqueness: only the affirmative plan will cause this. Affirmative choices: Deny link with the plan. Prove slippery slope fallacy. Turn impact: is not bad, actually is good. Deny uniqueness: whatever we do, that will happen.

18. The Negative Case Counterplan: Counterplan is alternative plan to solve the problem Inherency and solvency = non-topical. Competes with the affirmative; net benefits; better to adopt this solution rather than both. Mutually exclusive. Affirmative responses: Our own is better, adopt only one. Permutation test = not competitive. Solvency Disadvantages

19. The Negative Case Critiques (“K”): Critiques are a way to attack the critical assumptions an affirmative makes or the language debaters use to make their arguments. What is an assumption? Is a part of an argument which people think is true, but they never explicitly prove to be true and serves as the major premise of the argument or the case. How does a negative attack the assumptions? First, the negative must identify the assumption and how it is revealed. Second, the negative must explain how the assumption links to the critique. And, third, the negative must explain the implications of the critique. Source: http://debate.uvm.edu/code/037.html

20. The Negative Case Topicality: Topicality deals with arguments about what words mean; arguing about definitions regarding the motion or resolution: “be at home at a reasonable hour”. Affirmative definition of terms must be topical; both the problem and the plan must be within the motion: LIMIT what the affirmative may talk about so the negative can have a reasonable chance to argue against the case Negative tasks: Define terms and give reasons to prefer negative definition: Source: http://debate.uvm.edu/code/042.html

21. Detailed Format and Timeline of Responsibilities

22. 1AC - FIRST AFFIRMATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE • Have your speech written out and well organized. Time it in advance so that you know how long it takes you to read it. Practice it so that you sound good and know how to correctly say all of the words in it. • Make sure you have covered all the requirements -- read the topic, significance, inherency, plan, solvency. Make sure each of the major issues has evidence which proves it.

23. 1NC - FIRST NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE • Your disadvantages need links and impacts; • your topicality arguments need definitions, violations, and voting issue; and • your counterplan needs a counterplan text, topicality, competitiveness, advantage, and solvency.

24. 2AC - SECOND AFFIRMATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE • ANSWER EVERY NEGATIVE ISSUE: • You cannot win the debate if you fail to answer an off-case argument like topicality, a disadvantage, a counterplan, or a critique. Have some good answers for each one. • Explaining their arguments is their duty, not yours. Your duty is to answer them. Don't waste time telling the judge what their arguments are about.

25. 2NC - SECOND NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE • 2NC and 1NR occur back to back, so you need to divide up the issues in the debate. The 2NC should take some issues and the 1NR should take others. • You need to deal with each and every one of the answers the 2AC makes to your arguments. • Have your best evidence on the issues you will be "going for“ out and ready to use before you speak.

26. 1NR - FIRST NEGATIVE REBUTTAL • 2NC and 1NR occur back to back, so you need to divide up the issues in the debate. • The 2NC should take some issues and the 1NR should take others, BUT THEY SHOULD NEVER COVER THE SAME GROUND.

27. 1AR - FIRST AFFIRMATIVE REBUTTAL • The purpose of the 1AR is simple: don't lose the debate. • The strategy is equally simple: don't drop anything. Cover every important argument. • You cannot answer each sub-point on an argument, but you should answer any argument which could potentially win the debate for the negative.

28. 2NR - SECOND NEGATIVE REBUTTAL • Now is the time to “put all of your eggs in one basket.” • The negative search for truth ends in the 2NR. Winning requires the 2NR to choose the issues and approach to create a persuasive bottom line negative position. The 2NR cannot pursue everything in the debate because the judge must be told which arguments to consider. • There are two ways to win in the 2NR: • "Win the Drop" or • "Win the Position."

29. 2AR - SECOND AFFIRMATIVE REBUTTAL • The general strategy of the 2AR is to re-establish case advantage(s) and to minimize or take out the impacts of the negative arguments. • In order to minimize the impact of the negative arguments, go to the best issue in the middle of your speech. This trick tends to de-emphasize the arguments that the 2NR claimed were critical in the debate. • In order to re-establish your case advantage, begin your speech with your own agenda or overview that puts forth the most compelling reason to vote affirmative. • Have a good conclusion.

30. “CHALLENGES” • New process of challenging 2nd or 3rd speaker during the debate process. • Only to be used in Semi-Finals and Final Debate. • Challenger raises hand waiting to be recognized. • Presented in form of question only. • Each speaker should make one challenge during the debate, before or after s/he speaks. • Each 2nd or 3rd speaker should accept one or two challenges during his presentation. • Teams penalized for failure to make/accept one challenge. • Please be reasonable and relevant. This is not an opportunity to distract / disrupt your opponent.

31. Practice Debate Assignment was to: Choose Topic and Designate Team Roles Do Research and Develop Arguments Topics were: • Topic A, B • Topic C, D What strategy did you choose? What are your respective roles? Let’s debate and evaluate

32. Practice Debates Debate Topics • A vs. B ____ • C vs. D ____ Flowing Evaluation Forms / Feedback to debaters and teams

33. Feedback / Evaluation • Review of training program • Strengths / weaknesses • Evaluation of teams, participants • What / where do “we” need to improve? • What can “we” do between now and the first round of debates? • Practice, practice, practice