Emission Reduction

1. Through Improved Internal I/M And Driving Habits Emission Reduction CLEAN BUS PROGRAM (Jakarta 1998 – 2002) Clean Air Project - Swisscontact National Workshop on the Improvement of Urban Air Quality of Pakistan 13-15 December 2004 - Lahore, Pakistan

2. Content • Background • Action • Achievement • How do we achieve it? • Lesson learned

3. Background • Jakarta suffer with severe air pollution problem • Economic crisis and transport sector • Limited bus maintenance • Emission test is not part of maintenance procedures • Driving skill of bus drivers

4. Launching of the clean bus program with the objective to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emission of bus fleet in Jakarta Action

5. Achievements • 9 bus fleet operators involving 5,245 buses joined the program • 27,076 emission tests performed • Average 33.7% opacity reduction recorded • 82.9% of corrective actions without additional cost • 96 staff, 246 technicians and 2,086 drivers trained • Potential fuel saving from regular maintenance 5% and 11% from correct driving recorded • Three seminars conducted

6. Achievements (cont.)

7. How do we achieve it? • Start with careful assessment of the existing problem • Program development to address existing problem • Selection of “suitable” partner • Program implementation • Collaboration with industry • Awareness raising

8. 1. Assessment of the Problem • General assessment of bus condition and operation on the road • Detail Assessment of bus workshops • Findings: • Low awareness of bus operators on air pollution issue • Emission testing not part of the regular maintenance procedures • No proper emission test during roadworthiness test • Lack of knowledge and skill of technicians • Lack of skill of drivers on good driving habits • Lack of management capacity in the workshop

9. 2. Program Development • Program developed to address the assessed problem • Program development focused on: • Awareness raising of bus fleet management, technicians and drivers • Enhancement of regular maintenance procedures • Capacity building of workshop management, technicians and drivers • Incentive program by providing subsidized spare parts, emission testing equipment, fuel meter.

10. 2.a. Awareness raising of partners • Objective: to get support of the staff for program implementation • Activity: meeting with management, technicians and drivers prior to program implementation • Message: • Contribution of bus emission on air pollution • Role of technicians, workshop management and drivers in the emission reduction effort • Potential benefit of improved bus emission • Understanding the program objective and activities

11. 2.b. Enhancement of regular maintenance procedures Cleaning of air filter A Setting of injection nozzle pressure B Setting of injection time C Replacement of air filter D Replacement of nozzle E Calibration of injection pump F Revision of injection pump G • Improvement of workshop condition • Emission measurement before and after service • Step by step corrective action according to following scheme: Green:Did not require additional cost. Red:Require additional cost.

12. 2.c. Capacity building Training Module Development • Diesel Fuel System • Maintenance of Commercial Vehicle • Repair & Maintenance of Diesel Engine • Economical Driving (Training for Trainer) • The Basic Technique for Driving Commercial Vehicle Training Implementation Technician Training Basic Maintenance Preventive Maintenance Nozzle and Injection Timing Engine Overhaul Driver Training Train The Trainer Economical Driving Staff Training Workshop Management

13. 3. Selection of “suitable” partner • Survey to bus workshops • Selection criteria: • Awareness of management • Capability of workshop management • Commitment for program implementation • Availability of workshop facility • Result: • 3 bus operators, 2 private and 1 state-owned, selected in the 1st year. State-owned bus operators was dropped from the program due to lack of commitment • 4 bus operators in the 2nd year and another 3 in the 4th year joined the program

14. 4. Program Implementation Preparation Initial meeting with partners Development of detail activity plan Set up target and priorities Assign responsible person for each activity Define evaluation procedure & criteria Equipment procurement Implementation according to plan Regular monitoring, data analysis and feedback provision Program evaluation

15. 5. Collaboration with industries Bus Manufacturer Daimler Chrysler – Mercedes Benz Hino Manufacture Indonesia - Hino Lautan Berlian Utama Motor - Mitsubishi Others Injection Pump workshop Workshop Equipment Supplier

16. 6. Awareness raising • Sticker on buses • Hotline phone number • Seminar

17. Lesson Learned • Economical benefit will be best accepted then just emission reduction, • Developed program has to be able to address the existing problem, • Select the bus operators that show commitment to reduce emission; start with bus operators who already implement good management, • Focus on awareness raising and capacity building, • Collaborate with bus manufacturers.

18. THANK YOU Heru Sugiarto Swisscontact Clean Air Project Jakarta Jl. Wijaya XII No. 44 Jakarta 12160. Indonesia heru@swisscontact.or.id for Your Attention