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Carbon NANOTUBES de carbones

Carbon NANOTUBES de carbones. La prochaine vague technologique. Table des matières. What are Carbon Nanotubes?. Properties of CNTs. Applications futures possibles. How do we produce them?. Problèmes . Références. Questions???. Qu’est-ce qu’un nanotube de carbone?. What is it?.

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Carbon NANOTUBES de carbones

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  1. Carbon NANOTUBES de carbones La prochaine vague technologique

  2. Table des matières • What are Carbon Nanotubes? • Properties of CNTs • Applications futures possibles • How do we produce them? • Problèmes • Références • Questions???

  3. Qu’est-ce qu’un nanotube de carbone?

  4. What is it? • Iijima discovered them in 1991 • Feuille de graphite roullée en un cylindre • Liens sp2 • SWNT vs MWNT • Forces de Van der Vaals tiennent les épaisseurs ensemble. • End(s) in the shape of buckyballs

  5. Comment les reconnaître? • Les CNTs sont identifiés par un couple d’entier (n,m)

  6. Quelques propriétés

  7. Caractéristiques des CNTs • SWNT diameter: 0.4 to 3 nm • 100 000 times smaller than a hair • MWNT diameter: ~1.4 to 100 nm • Length: up to several millimeters at best, usually a few microns

  8. Properties of CNTs Mechanical properties • Young’s modulus of ~1TPa for SWNT and up to 1,28TPa for MWNT • Steel is at ~0.2TPa… • Wow! • Highest tensile strength ever mesured • Bone – 130 • Steel - ~800 • Kevlar – 3620 • CNT – 63 000 -une paille qui se déplie

  9. Properties of CNTs Electrical properties • 3cas: -armchair SWNTare metals -(n-m) divisible by 3 ar semiconductors with tiny gap -others are semiconductors with ban gap depends on (diameter)-1 • Semblable pour les MWNTs • The nanotubes conduct current ballistically (without scattering) -phonons propagate easily along a CNT -high current with virtually no heating • Superconductivity observed at low pressure (0.55K) • Expérimentalement, SWNT peut supporter jusqu’à 109A/cm2 pour un métal normal, c’est seulement ~ 105A/cm2 (vaporisation!)

  10. Des applications intéressantes

  11. Applications of CNTs (1) • Conductive and high-strength composites; • Field emission displays and radiation sources; • Lampes basée sur les nanotubes;(>8000 hours) • One-dimensional electronics • Energy storage and energy conversion devices; • Propriétés électrochimiques des CNTs permet la création de supercondensateurs • Electromechanical actuators might be used in robots…eventually

  12. Applications of CNTs (2) • Nanometer-sized semiconductor devices • Vestes anti-balles • Média d’entreposage d’hydrogène; • Anti-earthquake buildings • Production de rayons X et micro-ondes • Supercapacitors • Cancer treatment (seen in a previous presentation)

  13. La production de nanotubes de carbone

  14. CNT production • Laser abblation • Chemical vapor deposition • Arc discharge • Plasma torch

  15. CNT production Carbon arc discharge • 2 carbon electrodes (3 and 4) vaporized with catalityc metal • Applied voltage causes plasma between electrodes • Arc-electrode interaction phenomena limitations

  16. CNT production Plasma torch • Plasma torch: MegaWatt power scale in industry • Chercheur de McGill (J-L Meunier): • Possibility to size-up the system

  17.  Problèmes 

  18. Problems with CNTs (1) • Cost of production -high purity: 750$/g - with impurities: 60$/g • Diversité des nanotubes • No method available to effectively separate them and/or produce CNT with only one twist • Limitations expérimentales dans la production • Par exemple la vitesse d’évaporation du tungstene sur les électrodes

  19. Problems with CNTs (2) • Méthode d’assemblage complexes pour des «réseaux» de nanotubes • Moins de problèmes avec les MWNTs • Multiton production in early 1990s • Hyperion Catalysis International Inc • In Japan, plans for 120 ton/year of MWNT at 75$/kg

  20. Références • Physical properties of carbon nanotubes, ADAMS II, T., (2000) (http://www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/ntproperties/) • Carbon nanotubes and related structures:New materials for the 21st century, HARRIS, P.J.F., Am. J. Phys, Vol 72, no.3, p.415, March 2004 • Atomic chiken wire, LOUIE, S.,(http://www.lbl.gov/wonder/louie-2.html) • Carbon nanotube,  “Wikipedia”, (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotube) • Carbon nanotubes roll on, Physics Web, (june 2000) (http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/13/6/7/1)[novembre2005]

  21. Références(2) • Multiwall carbon nanotubes, Physics Web, (june 2000) (http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/13/6/8/1)[novembre2005] • Carbon nanotubes from the dissociation of C2Cl4 using a dc thermal plasma torch, HARBEC D.,MEUNIER J-L., GUO L., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 37, pp.232-239,2121-2126,(2004) • Fullerene synthesis in the graphite electreode arc process:local plasma characteristics and correlation with yield, Saïdane K, et al., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 37, pp.232-239,(2004) • Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications, Science, Vol 297,no.5582, pp 787-792

  22. Questions? Maintenant c’est votre tour de parler!

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