Grammar review 5 Strategies and signposts

1. Grammar review 5Strategies and signposts Seeing the clauses Structural signposts Internal structure of each clause (Check your translation)

2. An passage from LivyLivy Aburbe condita 1.49.1–3 [RAHK pp. 30–31] Inde L. Tarquiniusregnārecoepit, cui Superbōcognōmenfactaindidērunt, quiasocerumgenersepultūrāprōhibuit, Rōmulumquoqueinsepultumperissedictitans, prīmōrēsquepatrum, quōsServī rebus fāvissecrēdēbat, interfēcit; consciusdēinde male quaerendīregnīabsēipsōadversussē exemplum capī posse, armātīs corpus circumsaepsit; nequeenim ad iūsregnīquicquampraeter vim habēbat, utquīnequepopulīiussūnequeauctōribuspatribusregnāret. Check your translation on the final slide ;-)

3. Inde L. Tarquiniusregnārecoepit, | cui Superbōcognōmenfactaindidērunt, | quiasocerumgenersepultūrāprōhibuit, | Rōmulumquoqueinsepultumperissedictitans, | prīmōrēsquepatrum, | quōsServī rebus fāvissecrēdēbat, | interfēcit; || consciusdēinde male quaerendīregnīabsēipsōadversussē exemplum capī posse, | armātīs corpus circumsaepsit; || nequeenim ad iūsregnīquicquampraeter vim habēbat, | utquīnequepopulīiussūnequeauctōribuspatribusregnāret. || 1. Seeing the clause-breaks and sentence-breaks

4. IndeL. Tarquiniusregnārecoepit, | cui Superbōcognōmenfactaindidērunt, | quiasocerumgenersepultūrāprōhibuit, | Rōmulumquoqueinsepultumperissedictitans, | prīmōrēsquepatrum, | quōsServī rebus fāvissecrēdēbat, | interfēcit; || consciusdēindemale quaerendīregnīabsēipsōadversussē exemplum capī posse, | armātīs corpus circumsaepsit; || nequeenimad iūsregnīquicquampraeter vim habēbat, | utquīnequepopulīiussūnequeauctōribuspatribusregnāret. || 2. Structural signposts Discourse particles Particles introduce next event: “Then … then …” Particle introduces explanation: “For/because …”

5. Inde L. Tarquiniusregnārecoepit, [main verb] cuiSuperbōcognōmenfactaindidērunt, [relative clause] quiasocerumgenersepultūrāprōhibuit, [causal clause] Rōmulumquoqueinsepultumperissedictitans, [participial clause] prīmōrēsquepatrum, [“and”, introducing new main clause?] quōsServī rebus fāvissecrēdēbat, [relative clause] interfēcit; [main verb] || consciusdēinde male quaerendīregnīabsēipsōadversussē exemplum capī posse, [quasi-participial clause] armātīs corpus circumsaepsit; [main verb] || nequeenim ad iūsregnīquicquampraeter vim habēbat, [main verb] utquīnequepopulīiussūnequeauctōribuspatribusregnāret. || [ut/relative clause] 2. Structural signposts Clause by clause

6. IndeL. Tarquiniusregnārecoepit, cui Superbōcognōmenfactaindidērunt, quiasocerumgenersepultūrāprōhibuit, Rōmulumquoqueinsepultumperissedictitans[Tarquinius?], prīmōrēsquepatrum, quōsServī rebus fāvissecrēdēbat[Tarquinius?], interfēcit[Tarquinius?]; || conscius[Tarquinius?]dēinde male quaerendīregnīabsēipsōadversussē exemplum capī posse, armātīs corpus circumsaepsit[Tarquinius?]; || nequeenim ad iūsregnīquicquampraeter vim habēbat[Tarquinius?], utquīnequepopulīiussūnequeauctōribuspatribusregnāret. || 3. Internal structure of each clause The subject

7. IndeL. Tarquiniusregnārecoepit, cui Superbōcognōmenfactaindidērunt, quiasocerumgenersepultūrāprōhibuit, Rōmulumquoqueinsepultumperissedictitans[Tarquinius?], prīmōrēsquepatrum, quōsServī rebus fāvissecrēdēbat[Tarquinius?], interfēcit[Tarquinius?]; || conscius[Tarquinius?]dēinde male quaerendīregnīabsēipsōadversussē exemplum capī posse, armātīscorpuscircumsaepsit[Tarquinius?]; || nequeenimad iūsregnīquicquampraeter vimhabēbat[Tarquinius?], utquīnequepopulīiussūnequeauctōribuspatribusregnāret. || 3. Internal structure of each clause The accusative object (or accusative & infinitive) and some prepositions taking nouns

8. 3. Internal structure of each clause Syntax Check your translation on the final slide ;-) IndeL. Tarquiniusregnārecoepit, —L. = Lucius —coepī + infin. “began to …”

9. 3. Internal structure of each clause Syntax cui Superbōcognōmenfactaindidērunt, —cui: antecedent is Tarquinius —Superbō: assmililated to case of cui —TarquiniusSuperbus = “Tarquin the Proud” (his nickname/cognōmen)

10. 3. Internal structure of each clause Syntax quiasocerumgenersepultūrāprōhibuit, —sepultūrā: abl. of separation —socerum refers to Tullius, gener refers to Tarquin

11. 3. Internal structure of each clause Syntax Rōmulumquoqueinsepultumperissedictitans —quoque: qualifies preceding word (“also, too, even”) —dictitans: frequentative of dīcens (“saying repeatedly”), here introducing indirect statement —Rōmulum: subject of infinitive —insepultum (“un-buried”): agrees with Rōmulum, adverbial

12. 3. Internal structure of each clause Syntax prīmōrēsquepatrum, quōsServī rebus fāvissecrēdēbat[Tarquinius?], interfēcit —crēdēbat: introduces indirect statement —quōs: antecedent = prīmōrēs —quōs: acc. subject of infin. fāvisse —patrum: partitive gen. with prīmōrēs —Servī = Serviī, possessive gen. with rēbus —rēbus: dat. with dative verb fāvisse

13. 3. Internal structure of each clause Syntax consciusdēinde male quaerendīregnīabsēipsōadversussēexemplum capī posse —conscius: introduces indirect statement, “conscious that …” —exemplum: acc. subject of infin. posse then capī —absēipsō and adversus se: prepositional phrases, specifying sense of capī (“be taken from himself … against himself”) —male: modifies quaerendī —quaerendīregnī: gerund/gerundival gen. modifying exemplum

14. 3. Internal structure of each clause Syntax armātīscorpuscircumsaepsit[Tarquinius?] —armātīs= abl. of means

15. 3. Internal structure of each clause Syntax nequeenimad iūsregnīquicquampraeter vimhabēbat[Tarquinius?], —neque … quicquam “and not … anything”, i.e., “and nothing” —ad iūsregnī: prepositional phrase, with ad denoting purpose (“for the legitimization of his kingship” —praeter vim: prepositional phrase (“beyond/except violence”)

16. 3. Internal structure of each clause Syntax utquīnequepopulīiussūnequeauctōribuspatribusregnāret. —utquī: introduces relative clause of cause: “seeing as he was one who …” —neque … neque “neither … nor” —populīiussū and auctōribuspatribus refer to distinct sources of authority, popular and senatorial —auctōribuspatribus = abl. abs.

17. 4. Translation