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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Matter. Matter. States of Matter A. Kinetic Molecular Theory B. States of Matter. A. Kinetic Molecular Theory. KMT Particles of matter are always in motion. The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases. B. Four States of Matter. Solids

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 Matter

  2. Matter • States of Matter A. Kinetic Molecular Theory B. States of Matter

  3. A. Kinetic Molecular Theory • KMT • Particles of matter are always in motion. • The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

  4. B. Four States of Matter • Solids • very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around • fixed shape • fixed volume

  5. B. Four States of Matter • Liquids • low KE - particles can move around but are still close together • variable shape • fixed volume

  6. B. Four States of Matter • Gases • high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container • variable shape • variable volume

  7. B. Four States of Matter • Plasma • very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) • gas-like, variableshape & volume • stars, fluorescentlight bulbs, CRTs

  8. II. Classification of Matter A. Matter Flowchart B. Pure Substances C. Mixtures

  9. MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE yes no yes no Is the composition uniform? Can it be chemically decomposed? Colloids Suspensions A. Matter Flowchart MATTER yes no Can it be physically separated? Compound Element Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture

  10. B. Pure Substances • Element • composed of identical atoms • EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

  11. B. Pure Substances • Compound • composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio • properties differ from those of individual elements • EX: table salt (NaCl)

  12. C. Mixtures • Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances. Heterogeneous Homogeneous

  13. Tyndall Effect C. Mixtures • Solution • homogeneous • very small particles • no Tyndall effect • particles don’t settle • EX: rubbing alcohol

  14. C. Mixtures • Colloid • heterogeneous • medium-sized particles • Tyndall effect • particles don’t settle • EX: milk

  15. C. Mixtures • Suspension • heterogeneous • large particles • Tyndall effect • particles settle • EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade

  16. C. Matter Flowchart element hetero. mixture compound hetero. mixture solution • Examples: • graphite • pepper • sugar (sucrose) • paint • soda

  17. C. Mixtures • Examples: • mayonnaise • muddy water • fog • saltwater • Italian salad dressing colloid suspension colloid solution suspension

  18. III. Properties & Changes in Matter A. Extensive vs. Intensive B. Physical vs. Chemical

  19. A. Extensive vs. Intensive • Extensive Property • depends on the amount of matter present • Intensive Property • depends on the identity of substance, not the amount

  20. A. Extensive vs. Intensive • Examples: • boiling point • volume • mass • density • conductivity intensive extensive extensive intensive intensive

  21. B. Physical vs. Chemical • Physical Property • can be observed without changing the identity of the substance (can be measured) • Chemical Property • describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity

  22. B. Physical vs. Chemical physical chemical physical physical chemical • Examples: • melting point • flammable • density • magnetic • tarnishes in air

  23. B. Physical vs. Chemical • Physical Change • changes the form of a substance without changing its identity • properties remain the same • Chemical Change • changes the identity of a substance • products have different properties

  24. B. Physical vs. Chemical • Signs of a Chemical Change • change in color or odor • formation of a gas • formation of a precipitate (solid) • change in light or heat

  25. B. Physical vs. Chemical chemical physical chemical physical physical • Examples: • rusting iron • dissolving in water • burning a log • melting ice • grinding spices

  26. Choose if the following is a physical property or a chemical property: • Water boils at 100°C • Propane burns in the air • Diamonds are very hard • Most roses have a sweet smell • Sodium metal is very reactive with water

  27. Decide if the following is a physical change or a chemical change: • Sugar dissolves in coffee • Cookies burn in the oven • Iron metal is melted • Leaves turn color in the fall • A rock is busted into small pieces

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