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Theme: Technology

Explore the history of irrigation systems from early civilizations to modern advancements, including aqueducts, gunpowder, printing press, caravel/astrolabe, steam engine, factories, nuclear power, chemical pesticides, and scientific revolution.

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Theme: Technology

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  1. Theme: Technology

  2. Irrigation Systems • Bringing water from water source to fields for farming • Ditches or water wheels • Early civilizations create irrigation systems to help with farming and creating enough food for growing populations

  3. Aqueducts • Ancient Romans built large bridge-like structures to carry water long distances from water sources to cities and farms • Were copied by other civilizations

  4. Gunpowder • Invented in the Tang Dynasty of China and its use expanded during the Song Dynasty • Initially used in fireworks, then expanded to weapons- canons, fire-lances, etc. • Europeans perfected the use of gunpowder in weapons

  5. Printing Press • Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1450-first European moveable-type printing press • First book printed was the Gutenberg Bible • Effects: • Books become easier and faster to make • Literacy increases in Europe • New ideas able to spread quickly- 95 Theses, Enlightenment texts

  6. Caravel/Astrolabe • Caravel- ships developed by the Portuguese that combined European square sails and Arab triangular sails, made it easier to sail across/into the wind • Astrolabe- instrument used to help determine latitude location in the ocean • Both used during the Age of Exploration , allowed for sea exploration and Europeans to reach the Americas

  7. Steam Engine • Developed during the Industrial Revolution • Coal was used to power steam engines- could build machines without needing to be next to a moving water source • Also used for new forms of transportation: steam engine, boats, etc.

  8. Factories • Develop during the industrial revolution • Built to house machines that are being invented to increase production • Flying Shuttle- weaving could happen at a faster place • Spinning Jenny- quickly produces thread • Results in pollution, poor working conditions, urbanization

  9. Nuclear Power • First nuclear weapons were developed/used during WWII (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) • Cold War- Nuclear proliferation led to MAD • Other nations have developed nuclear capabilities, including some “unfriendly” nations (North Korea, Iran) • 17 nations are currently known to have nuclear weapons • Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty signed in 1968

  10. Chemical Pesticides • Developed during the Green Revolution (1960s) • Did help to increase food production, but also led to pollution and huge fear of health risks

  11. Scientific Revolution • Develops from the inquiring spirit of the Renaissance • Copernicus- heliocentric model of the universe (supported by evidence from Tycho Brahe) • Johannes Kepler- planets move in ellipses • Galileo Galilei- first telescope, observed movement in the universe • Sir Francis Bacon- Scientific method • Isaac Newton- gravity

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