Lecture Three

1. Lecture Three Trimester 2, 2017 Jason Harding (PhD) Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

2. Lecturer Jason Harding Details Name: Jason Harding (PhD) Location: G27, 2.16A, Gold Coast Campus Phone: (07) 555 27941 Email: j.harding@griffith.edu.au 1220hsl Website: www.1220hsl.com Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

3. Lecture Three Outline • Something Missing From last Week • Remember Your Question • Reach And Invisibility • Trivial Inconveniences • Another Question From Last Week • The Real Digital Revolution • What’s Mos Def Got To Do With Anything? • Inbuilt Human SEO • Naked On The Internet • Virtual Sock-Puppets • Introducing Alexander Acquisiti • Dark Matter and Dark Wallet • Can Technology Save Us • Three Final Thoughts And A Question Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

4. 1 Something Missing From Last Week Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

5. Something Is Missing Last week we discussed a number of interesting (and important) aspects to Black Milk’s (a company that produces personalized leggings and sells through an online channel) focus and recent success: • Community • Communication • Uniqueness • Personalisation • Ownership • Humanity • ?? We missed something. What is it? Note: Tori (hopefully I have spelled Tori’s name correctly) from Nathan Campus was the only one to pick up on this. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

6. Something Is Missing The produce quality products … talk to me about the concept of quality in business … Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

7. 2 Remember Your Question Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

8. Remember Your Question In your opinion … Is technology is an inherent component of human evolution and therefore, simply “the medium in which we play this infinite game” (Kelly, 2005), whether technology is currently leading humanity down a path where “the creative becomes subservient to the structure of giant computers”, “human expression becomes a peasant activity”(Lanier, 2013), and one that will ultimately “cheat us of being in touch deeply with those breathing right next to us” (Nin, 1951). Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

9. 3 Reach And Invisibility Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

10. Virtual Communities “It took radio 38 years to reach 50 million users, however, television reached that milestone in 13 years, the iPod in four years, the Internet in three years, Facebook in one year, and Twitter in nine months (Durie, 2012) Whilst the trend is inherently linked to the concept of community, and also to that of an open, transparent, collaborative, and connected world … for me it also brings the concept of invisibility and also darkness and risk to light. Further, it has also rammed BF Skinner’s standpoint (which is also linked to one of Jaron Lanier’s principle concerns with technology and the internet) right up in front of your face for consideration … Source: Social Upheaval. John Durie. The Deal. The Australian Business Magazine. September 2012 Volume 5, Number 8. Source: Social Upheaval. John Durie. The Deal. The Australian Business Magazine. September 2012 Volume 5, Number 8. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

11. 4 Trivial Inconveniences Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

12. Trivial Inconveniences “Technology was developed to prevent exhausting labor. Now it is dedicated to trivial inconveniences” B.F. Skinner. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

13. 5 Another Question From Last Week Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

14. Another Question From Last Week … In certain contexts, Evans and Tapscott paint a fairly utopian way of doing business, just how big are the risks … Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

15. 6 The Real Digital Revolution Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

16. The Real Digital Revolution The internet has now transformed our economies, our culture and politics, and our very way of life to such an extent that we are by many accounts in the midst of a communication revolution on a par with the invention of writing or the printing press; perhaps speech itself. But this is just the warm up act. In the summer of 2015 the CEO of one of the largest industrial corporations in the world gave a speech at an exclusive private dinner for the wealthy and powerful in Germany. In the question and answer session the CEO was asked about the use of robots in manufacturing and whether they were a realistic prospect in the future. The CEO informed the audience that his company already had one fully automated factory, and had the technology in hand to immediately convert all of its factories worldwide to being fully automated. The reason that deterred them from doing it was not economic – it makes perfect sense to do so – but political. McChesney, R. (2015, February-April). Here comes the real digital revolution.New Philosopher, Issue 11, 85-88. Source: Social Upheaval. John Durie. The Deal. The Australian Business Magazine. September 2012 Volume 5, Number 8. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

17. The Real Digital Revolution … converting to fully automated factories would throw at least 40 percent of their total workforce, much of it still based in Germany, into the unemployment lines. “If we did that,” he said, “the middle class in Germany would burn” The audience was astounded, because the implication was that this was coming soon – very soon – and even one of the world’s most powerful CEO’s could not hold this back much longer. McChesney, R. (2015, February-April). Here comes the real digital revolution.New Philosopher, Issue 11, 85-88. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

18. The Real Digital Revolution An audience of computer scientists would not have been surprised. The science of robotics has exploded with revolutionary developments in the past few years and many more previously unimaginable breakthroughs are now on the horizon. Gill A. Pratt, up until 2015, was the Program Director at the Pentagon’s Defense Advanced Research Project’s Agency (DARPA) where he oversaw work on robotics. Pratt argues that humanity may be on the verge of experiencing something comparable in effect to the Cambrian Explosion, referring to the relatively brief period 540 million years ago when life underwent an astonishingly rapid diversification, including, arguably, the evolution of vision. This was crucial for the subsequent development of complex and intelligent life. McChesney, R. (2015, February-April). Here comes the real digital revolution.New Philosopher, Issue 11, 85-88. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

19. The Real Digital Revolution Pratt outlines a series of related and complementary breakthroughs in robotics and computing that will make it possible for machines … “to replicate the performance of many of the perceptual parts of the human brain” … including, fittingly enough, vision itself. Pratt observes, at the very least … “the effects on economic output and human workers are certain to be profound” However he refuses to predict when this will occur … “as the timing of tipping points is hard to predict” But it is on its way. And note: Others have made a prediction (next week guys) … McChesney, R. (2015, February-April). Here comes the real digital revolution. New Philosopher, Issue 11, 85-88.er 8. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

20. The Real Digital Revolution The transformation of employment wrought by robots and digital communities is not restricted to manufacturing. Those who study the matter believe that something in the order of one-half of existing jobs will be eliminated in the coming one to two decades, and that no sector will be immune to automation. In 2014 another CEO announced at Davos that most traditional white collar jobs were also on the digital chopping block. And no one foresees any new employment sectors opening up that are sufficient to swallow the displaced workers or the hundreds of millions of people entering the work-force across the planet. Not even close. McChesney, R. (2015, February-April). Here comes the real digital revolution.New Philosopher, Issue 11, 85-88. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

21. The Real Digital Revolution Even the prospect of ever-lower wages cannot compete with the giganitc promise of the new technologies. Based in China, the world’s largest manufacturing firm – employing over one million workers – is among the largest purchasers of industrial robots. It is planning for a day in the not-too-distant future when it, too, will have fully automated factories. These developments are going to pose direct and mortal challenges to both capitalism and democracy. Think about it guys ... It is not like US capitalism is well positioned to receive a wave of automation. McChesney, R. (2015, February-April). Here comes the real digital revolution.New Philosopher, Issue 11, 85-88. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

22. The Real Digital Revolution For those under the age of thirty, the labour market is hardly superior to that of the Great Depression. And to this we are going to pile on a revolutionary wave of automation that will aggravate all of these long-running tendencies, perhaps exponentially. Baring reforms not yet visible or known, the system would appear to evolving more into a decaying feudal order than providing the basis for an affluent society with social mobility. If no one has sufficient income to buy new products, then there is no incentive to invest for profit. Under stagnation, the revolutionary advances in technology are hardly a solution, they only seem to promote ever-greater talk about the need to slash living standards and cut back on social services. And there is a supreme irony here … McChesney, R. (2015, February-April). Here comes the real digital revolution.New Philosopher, Issue 11, 85-88. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

23. The Real Digital Revolution … at the exact moment far less human labour is necessary to produce more than enough to satisfy human wants and needs … … the system that fostered abundance is incapable of adapting to it. McChesney, R. (2015, February-April). Here comes the real digital revolution.New Philosopher, Issue 11, 85-88. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

24. The Real Digital Revolution John Stuart Mill once wrote elegantly about a “stationary society” … … where economic growth was unnecessary, commercialism would be reduced, human nature would evolve, and all people could develop their talents and faculties as only the wealthy few could do in the impoverished past. The immediate place these tensions will play out is in the political realm, as citizens will demand political solutions to the great problems of stagnation, unemployment, underemployment, and poverty. Those who greatly benefit from the status quo will likely battle against progressive change as if their lives depend on it. And it could just as easily degenerate into propaganda, militarism, and tyranny. Everything rides on the outcome. McChesney, R. (2015, February-April). Here comes the real digital revolution. New Philosopher, Issue 11, 85-88.er 8. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

25. 7 What’s Mos Def Got To Do With Anything? Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

26. Mos Def … And we are alive in amazing times. Delicate hearts, diabolical minds … Mos Def (2009). Life in Marvelous Times [J Dilla, Mr. Flash, Madlib, Mos Def, Oh No, Preservation, and The Neptunes]. On The Ecstatic. Downtown Records. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

27. 8 Inbuilt Human SEO Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

28. Inbuilt Human SEO “The unpleasant truth is that every child after the late 80s was born with human SEO, along with a duty to maintain it. We willingly pose and download and blindly click through terms and conditions, feeding the surveillance society we live in. We’re used to being sold out and repeatedly failed by our technology. Why not just admit defeat and give our bodies to the internet? Our past selves are already littered all over it. By the time the Snapchat generation comes of age, all of us will be naked on the internet. We might as well get used to it now. By accepting the inevitable we can begin to regain some control. (Kiberd, 2014) Source: Kiberd, R. (2014). ‘The Fappening Has Revealed A New Type of Pervert’. Wired. September 3. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

29. 9 Naked on the Internet Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

30. Naked on the Internet “Having the child’s full name and suburb of residence is madness” (Radoll, in Koelma, 2014). Source: Koelma, G. (2014). Six-year old boy given a school science project with instructions to ‘make his photo go viral’. News.com. July 17. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

31. Naked on the Internet “From the moment the video was posted Matthew was mercilessly bullied, harassed, and teased by students who had seen it” (Claim against San Diego Unified School District, 2014). Source: Morrow, M. (2014). Matthew Burdette took his own life after being bullied over viral ‘sex act’ video. News.com. July 16. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

32. 10 Virtual Sock-Puppets Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

33. Virtual Sock-Puppets Is sock-puppetry (the creation of personas designed, on some level - conscious or subconscious – to shape others’ ideas about who we really are) new or somehow novel to the Internet?(Seife, 2014) Source: Seife, C. (2014). ‘The ‘The weird reasons why people make up false identities on the Internet’. Wired. July 29. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

34. Virtual Sock-Puppets “… it is only a short step from there to manipulating others’ perceptions of us to give ourselves an unfair advantage of some sort, to deceive. To become puppet masters”(Seife, 2014) Source: Seife, C. (2014). ‘The ‘The weird reasons why people make up false identities on the Internet’. Wired. July 29. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

35. Virtual Sock-Puppets “In Type 1 sock-puppetry, the puppet master fabricates a phony persona who has a specific attribute or experience that the puppet master himself lacks - an attribute or experience that gives the puppet master extra authority in a conversation or extra ability to generate a reaction from others. In all cases, the point seems to be to seek either authority, attention, or profit (Seife, 2014). Source: Seife, C. (2014). ‘The ‘The weird reasons why people make up false identities on the Internet’. Wired. July 29. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

36. Virtual Sock-Puppets Example: “Amina Arraf. A 35-year-old Syrian American had become a prominent blogger. Her blog, Gay Girl in Damascus, described life in Syria during the beginning of the uprising against Bashar al-Assad. Liberal and lesbian, she was in a precarious position as a protester in a conservative and unstable society. She kept writing, and in May, The Guardian dubbed her “an unlikely hero of revolt in a conservative country”. But in the early evening of Monday, June 6, 2011, she was walking to meet a friend in downtown Damascus when three young men wrestled her into a red minivan, which screeched off into the dusk. Arraf’s cousin posted details to Amina’s blog. The outcry was immediate. The Guardian reported the kidnapping, and so did the New York Times, Fox News, Gawker, CNN, and several other news organizations. The International Business Times asked how the United States should respond to the abduction, and “Free Amina” websites and posters began to spring up. Within a few hours, though, Andy Carvin, an NPR journalist, noted on Twitter that none of the people who had ever interviewed Arraf had met her or even spoken to her over the phone. Once someone began to question Arraf’s identity, the illusion shattered”. (Seife, 2014) Source: Seife, C. (2014). ‘The ‘The weird reasons why people make up false identities on the Internet’. Wired. July 29. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

37. Virtual Sock-Puppets Why the anguish when Kaycee Nicole’s (aka Debbie Swenson’s) identity was questioned? Source: Seife, C. (2014). ‘The ‘The weird reasons why people make up false identities on the Internet’. Wired. July 29. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

38. Virtual Sock-Puppets “More common than Type 1 sock-puppetry is Type 2 sock-puppetry, in which the only one thing that matters is that the fictional personality must be someone other than the puppet master. Type 2 sockpuppets are often deployed as reinforcements in an online feud. Because these sock-puppets are meant to seem independent of the puppet master, these false personae give the impression of a group of online people who agree with and bolster the puppet master’s position - or attack his enemies”. (Seife, 2014). Source: Seife, C. (2014). ‘The ‘The weird reasons why people make up false identities on the Internet’. Wired. July 29. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

39. Virtual Sock-Puppets Does Type 2 sock-puppetry sound familiar? “The Internet has become a battleground for virtual personalities – all attempting to gather information to help their causes and hurt their enemies. A war without bystanders, for we are all caught up in it, whether we are aware of it or not(Seife, 2014). Source: Seife, C. (2014). ‘The ‘The weird reasons why people make up false identities on the Internet’. Wired. July 29. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

40. Virtual Sock-Puppets “The ease of creating a large number of sock-puppets for the express purpose of infiltrating social media sites is making civil libertarians nervous (Seife, 2014). Source: Seife, C. (2014). ‘The ‘The weird reasons why people make up false identities on the Internet’. Wired. July 29. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

41. 11 Introducing Alessandro Acquisti Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

42. Introducing Alessandro Acquisti Alessandro Acquisti: Why Privacy Matters. The line between public and private has blurred in the past decade. In this thought-provoking, slightly chilling talk, he shares details of a project that shows how easy it is to match a photograph of a stranger with their sensitive personal information (www.ted.com). Click To Watch Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

43. 12 Dark Matter and Dar Wallet Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

44. Dark Matter and Dark Wallet “Cody Wilson and Amir Taaki have dedicated their careers to building some of the most controversial software ever offered to the public(Greenberg, 2014) “Wilson gained notoriety last year as the creator of the world’s first fully 3D-printable gun, a set of CAD files known as the Liberator that anyone can download and print in the privacy of their home to create a working, lethal firearm (Greenberg, 2014) “Together they recently unveiled a prototype for a decentralized online marketplace, known as DarkMarket, that’s designed to be impervious to shutdown by the feds (sic) (Greenberg, 2014) “The programming provocation they released a few hours [occurred May 1] ago is called Dark Wallet, a piece of software designed to allow untraceable, anonymous [and therefore uncontrollable] online payments using the cryptocurrencybitcoin (designed specifically to completely hide the activities of its’ users (Greenberg, 2014). Source: Greenberg, A. (2014). Waiting for Dark: Inside Two Anarchists’ Quest for Untraceable Money. Wired. July 11. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

45. Dark Matter and Dark Wallet “They envision a digital payment network that circumvents every authority’s attempts to tax it, seize it, censor it, track it, or imprison those who would use it (Greenberg, 2014) Source: Greenberg, A. (2014). Waiting for Dark: Inside Two Anarchists’ Quest for Untraceable Money. Wired. July 11. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

46. Dark Matter and Dark Wallet “I believe in the hacker ethic. Empower the small guy, privacy and anonymity, mistrust authority, promote decentralized alternatives, freedom of information (Amir Taaki in Greenberg, 2014) “But it’s important to be clear that it may not be good on balance either. The world is not perfect. Good and evil rise together (Amir Taaki in Greenberg, 2014) “We’ll step out into a new world, and we can explore it in any direction we choose (Greenberg, 2014) Amir Taaki. Image: Julia Robinson Source: Greenberg, A. (2014). Waiting for Dark: Inside Two Anarchists’ Quest for Untraceable Money. Wired. July 11. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

47. Dark Matter and Dark Wallet “If bitcoin means anything it means a thousand Silk Roads … it means fuck you law (Cody Wilson in Greenberg, 2014). Cody Wilson. Image: Julia Robinson Source: Greenberg, A. (2014). Waiting for Dark: Inside Two Anarchists’ Quest for Untraceable Money. Wired. July 11. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

48. Dark Matter and Dark Wallet “Their goal, with both the 3-D-printed gun and untraceable currency, isn’t simply to help people violate the law. In fact, it’s to give people tools that make illegal behavior so commonplace and technically trivial that the law ceases to be relevant In [their] version of the future, technology, not law, makes the rules. In that future, math and consensus, not violence, might govern the control of resources. “We’re declaring ourselves sovereign, we’re making the government obsolete”(Amir Taaki in Greenberg, 2014) “Bitcoin will enable humans to organize in ways that weren’t before possible. It will allow people to assemble together and build structures that we’ve never imagined (Amir Taaki in Greenberg, 2014) Source: Greenberg, A. (2014). Waiting for Dark: Inside Two Anarchists’ Quest for Untraceable Money. Wired. July 11. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

49. Dark Matter and Dark Wallet “To quote the old civil libertarians, liberty is a dangerous thing. Yes, bad things are going to happen on these marketplaces(Cody Wilson in Greenberg, 2014). Dark Wallet isn’t about financing bloodshed. “Humanity doesn’t need tools for funding violence, and that’s not what this is about. This is about empowering those that want to be empowered (Amir Taaki in Greenberg, 2014) Yes there will be a cruelty to it. No, the world won’t be a wonderful place with bunny rabbits and a beautiful utopia where everyone has equal amounts of money (Amir Taaki in Greenberg, 2014) Source: Greenberg, A. (2014). Waiting for Dark: Inside Two Anarchists’ Quest for Untraceable Money. Wired. July 11. Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)

50. 13 Can Technology Save Us Department of Tourism, Hotel and Sport Management - Jason Harding (PHD)