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Role of Regulatory and Institutional Reforms in Meeting the Challenges of Globalization

This outline explores the increasing demand for better regulation in the context of globalization and the need for institutional reforms to fight red tape. It also discusses the different levels and directions of regulatory reform, the role of the information society, and the involvement of civil society and the private sector in governance and institutional reform. The outline provides examples of regulatory frameworks and progress on reforms in different regions, and highlights the role of soft regulation and the challenges and benefits of involving the private sector in regulatory reforms. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of regional commissions in bridging national and global reforms and facilitating dialogue with business and civil society.

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Role of Regulatory and Institutional Reforms in Meeting the Challenges of Globalization

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  1. Role of Regulatory and Institutional Reforms in Meeting the Challenges of Globalization Paolo Garonna Officer-in-Charge

  2. Outline • Increasing demand for better regulation in the context of globalization • Fighting Red Tape: the need for institutional reforms • From global to local and from local to global: different levels and directions in regulatory reform • The new tools of the information society: soft regulation, peer pressure, benchmarking • The role of civil society and the private sector for good governance and institutional reform

  3. Increasing Demand for Regulatory Frameworks • Appropriate institutional and regulatory frameworks are needed in order to reap the full benefits of globalization • Examples: - Health: prevent contagion and react to pandemics - Security: fight against terrorism - Transition to the market economy: institution building and public administration reform - Standards for Transport and the Environment (UNECE) - Financial sector reforms

  4. Fighting Red Tape and Over-regulation: the Need for Institutional Reforms Barroso to launch Brussels’ biggest deregulation campaign: more than 60 draft proposals set to be scrapped (Financial Times, 14 Sept 2005)

  5. The Quality of Regulation in the ECE Region (Economic Freedom of the World Indicators, 2005)

  6. The Transition to the Market Economy: the Key to Success • What has determined the different patterns and quality of regulatory reforms in the formerly centrally planned economies? - The interplay between reforms and economic development - The natural resources curse: success stories in overcoming the curse - Regional economic integration (e.g. EU accession)

  7. Progress on Reforms and Economic Development ECE Note: Progress on reforms in ECE member countries is measured by the average of the EBRD Transition Indicators Scores, 2004.

  8. Life Expectancy and Regulatory Quality Global ECE Life expectancy at birth (years) Life expectancy at birth (years) Regulatory quality Regulatory quality

  9. Poverty Reduction and Regulatory Quality Global ECE Poverty headcount (% of total population) Poverty headcount (% of total population) Regulatory quality Regulatory quality

  10. Schooling and Regulatory Quality ECE Global Secondary school enrollment (% of age-group) Secondary school enrollment (% of age-group) Regulatory quality Regulatory quality

  11. From Local to Global and from Global to Local: Different Levels in Regulatory Reform • At the national level: many examples of best practice (Hungary, Baltic States, Canada, Iceland, Finland, Australia, etc.*) • At the regional level: role of UNECE norms and standards • At the global level: MDGs, Monterrey Consensus, Agenda 21 * Based on the EBRD transition and governance indicators, the World Bank Worldwide Governance Research Indicators Dataset, and the index of Economic Freedom of the World.

  12. Different Directions in Regulatory Reform • From global to regional:MDGs, UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime • From regional to global:Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics, Vehicle Regulations • From region to region:TIR Convention,central bank independence, technological standards from Asia

  13. Tapping the New Tools of the Information Society: The Role of Soft Regulation • Advantages:flexibility, adaptability, user-friendliness, transparency, capacity to mobilize public opinion • Examples : - Environmental Performance Reviews - MDGs - OECD peer review mechanism - The Open Method of Coordination in connection with the EU Lisbon Strategy • A field where regional commissions have greatly contributed and can contribute more

  14. The Role of Civil Society and the Private Sector • Self-regulation in a vibrant democracy and a well-functioning market mechanism: stock exchanges, corporate social responsibility, codes of ethics • Contribution of private sector to government regulations: e.g. CEFACT, customs regulations • Risks and possible distortions - Big players versus small & medium enterprises - The ‘outsiders’: consumers, future generations, the most vulnerable groups, etc - Vested interests resisting reforms

  15. Enhance the role of private players in national, regional and global governance • Catalytic function of UNECE and other regional commissions in: • - bridging national and global reforms • - providing a forum for soft regulation and dialogue with business and civil society

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