Enhancing Workplace Safety: Participatory Programs for Grassroots Improvement

1. Integrating rights and protection in value chain and local development Participatory approaches to improving safety, health and working conditions in grassroots workplaces Tsuyoshi Kawakami ILO Decent Work Technical Support Team for East, and Southeast Asia and the Pacific

2. Examples of participatory programmes to improve working conditions in grassroots workplaces Work Improvement in Small Enterprises (WISE) Work Improvement in Neighbourhood Development (WIND) Work Improvement for Safe Home (WISH) Work Improvement in Small Construction Sites (WISCON) Work adjustment for Recycling and Managing Waste (WARM)

3. WIND programme: Approach to farmers

4. Principles inＷＩＮＤ training programme 1. Learn from local good examples; 2. Start with simple, low-cost improvements; 3. Use easy-to-use training materials; 4. Train farmer trainers; 5. Sustain farmer trainer networks.

5. Implementing a WIND training programme 1. Action-checklist exercise to find improvement points 2. Farmer trainer showing local good examples

6. Implementing a WIND training programme 3. Husbands and wives jointly making their action proposals 4. Husbands and wives presenting proposals. (Follow-up visits to them will be made a few months later)

7. Example of WIND Action-Checklist with good example illustrations 9. Adjust the work height so that work is done at elbow level or slightly lower than elbow level. Do you propose action ? NoYesPriority Remarks:……………….………………… ………………………..………………….. 10. Provide stable chairs or benches with sturdy backrests. Do you propose action ? NoYesPriority Remarks:………………….……………… …………………………..……………….. 11.Choose work methods to alternate standing and sitting and to avoid bending and squatting postures as much as possible. Do you propose action ? NoYesPriority Remarks:…………….…………………… ………………………..………………….. Action checklist

8. Easy-to-understand illustrationsasa tool of WIND farmer trainers Before improvements After improvements

9. Easy-to-understand illustrationsasa tool of WIND farmer trainers Safe storage of agro-chemicals

10. Easy-to-understand illustrationsasa tool of WIND farmer trainers Taking short breaks to recover from fatigue and prevent accidents

11. Improvement examples made by farmers Example１；Self-made hand trucks for carrying heavy materials

12. Improvement examples made by farmers Example 2：Covering a moving machine belt Before improvementAfter improvement

13. Improvement examples made by farmers Example3：Safe storage of pesticides (left) and used bottles (right)

14. Improvement examples made by farmers Example 4: Improving a community bridge Before improvementAfter improvement

15. Costs spent for making improvements after a WIND training workshop Farmers can make many low-cost improvements by using their own ideas and locally available materials From a WIND workshop in Cantho city, Vietnam

16. Extending WIND training WIND farmer volunteers train neighbouring farmers WIND farmer volunteer

17. Developing WIND farmer volunteer systems in Vietnam - Supported by ILO/Japan multibilateral programme from 2005-2007- 24WIND trainer workshops held 480WIND farmer volunteerstrained 7,922 farmers：trainedby WIND farmer volunteers 28,508improvements：made by participating farmers

18. WIND farmer volunteers Central government Provincial committee Neighbouring farmers WIND training and follow-up activities Policy support & training materials Training and supporting farmer volunteers : ILOTechnical Cooperation Government support to WIND farmer volunteers in Vietnam

19. WIND Training integrated into National Safety and Health Programme 1st National Safety and Health Programme （2006-2010）; - adopted WIND farmer volunteer systems; and - allocated national budget for increasing coverage.

20. Bring workplace voices to national policy ! Advisory support at national policy level ILO instruments Interactions Action-oriented training at grassroots level ILO training programmes

21. Summary: Steps taken to extend WIND training and reach more grassroots farmers Collecting local good examples Step1 Training WINDfarmer volunteers Step 2 Step 3 WIND training by farmer volunteers Step 4 Follow-up and networking farmer volunteers Step 5 Integrating into national policy & programme Reaching more farmers

22. WISH Programme: Approach to home workers in Cambodia • Good practice approach • Cooperation with local people’s networks • Photos sheets for on-site training activities

23. Start with participatory, action-checklist exercise

24. WISH (Work Improvement for Safe Home) action checklist with illustrations 21. Increase natural ventilation by having more openings, windows or open doorways. Do you propose action ? o No o Yes o Priority Remarks:……………….………………… ………………………..………………….. 22. Provide adequate clothes and personal protective equipment such as glasses, shoes, and gloves. Do you propose action ? o No o Yes o Priority Remarks:………….……………………… ……………………..…………………….. 23.Provide at least two unobstructed exits from rooms and enough fire extinguishers. Do you propose action ? o No o Yes o Priority Remarks:……….………………………… …………………..………………………..

25. Group work for identifying practical actions for improvements Group discussion Presentation

26. Follow-up visits to see improvements

27. Simple changes improve safety, productivity • Simple seating arrangement >>> Reduced low-back stress • Materials located within easy reach >>>Higher productivity and income (quality products)

28. Extending WISH training: Training Cambodian trainers to use good example photo sheets

29. Reaching home workplaces -Support varied people’s networks in informal economy workplaces- Home workers Home workers Home workers Workers Government inspectors Home workers NGOs Employers Achievement workshops Follow-up visits Government as a facilitator

30. WISCON Programme: Approach to small construction sites • Direct visit to construction sites • Listening to workers’ voices • Developing illustrations showing good examples

31. Checklist exercise

32. WISCON action checklist III. WORK AT HEIGHT 11. Evenly distribute materials over scaffolds to avoid overloading. Do you propose action? Do you propose action? Do you propose action? Do you propose action? Do you propose action? o No o Yes o Priority o No o Yes o Priority o No o Yes o Priority o No o Yes o Priority o No o Yes o Priority Remarks: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Remarks: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Remarks: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Remarks: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Remarks: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12. Secure ladders at or near the top even if only used for a short time. 13. Use safe lines for the roof work and the work at height. 14. Secure the scaffold to the building in enough places to prevent scaffold collapse. 15. Mount all the uprights of the scaffold on proper base plates.

33. Workplace action to H1N1 prevention Promoting tripartite cooperation through participatory approaches

34. Develop participatory training manual Draft The ILO developed tools which can support employers’ and workers’ actions to reduce their infection risks and protect their businesses under possible pandemic situations. Available in several languages (i.e. Japanese, French, Spanish, Thai, Khmer, Vietnamese, Laotian, Bahasa Malaysia, Bahasa Indonesia): http://www.ilo.org/asia/whatwedo/projects/lang--en/WCMS_099390/index.htm

35. Example of Workplace Action Checklist V. Minimize human-to-human contact at workplace. 17. Keep 1.50 meters or more between work stations. Do you propose action ? o No o Yes o Priority Remarks:…….…………………………… ………………..………………………….. 18. Promote one-way use of staircases and paths. Do you propose action ? o No o Yes o Priority Remarks:…………….…………………… ……………………..…………………….. 19. Assign staff to work at home if the work can be done at home. Do you propose action ? NoYesPriority Remarks:……………………….………… …………………………………..……….. 20. Organize telephone or internet meetings instead of face-to-face meetings. Do you propose action ? NoYesPriority Remarks:………………….……………… …………………………..……………….. Page 6

36. Establish a company practice that everyone washes their hands carefully.

37. Cover all key aspects to keep your businessrunning and protect your workers.

38. Extending OSH protection to child workers in Cambodia Back pains Cutting injuries Skin problems

40. Participatory training directly to workers and employers

41. Checklist exercise in a salt field

42. Photo sheets showing local good examples

43. WARM Programme: Approach to waste collectors in Fiji • Joint improvements in working conditions of waste collectors and 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle waste) • Cooperation with the community and local government units

44. Fact-finding survey to collect good practices • Garbage collection • - starting time: 7 am • - finishing time: 3:30 pm • Working hours: 8 :30 • Number of trips: 3 • Lunch break: no

45. Learning from local good examples • Cooperation by two workers to carry heavy waste containers

46. Learning from existing local good examples • Wheeled containers with good handholds

47. Developing clear-cut illustrations showing good practices

49. WARM Action-checklist for waste collectors 1- Store waste properly. Do you propose action ?  No  Yes  Priority Remarks:…………….…………………. 2. Place waste at waist level of collectors. Do you propose action ?  No  Yes  Priority Remarks:…………….…………………. 3. Use safe waste containers with appropriate size. Do you propose action ?  No  Yes  Priority Remarks:…………….…………………. 4. Attach grips or holders to all waste containers. Do you propose action ?  No  Yes  Priority Remarks:…………….………………….

50. WARM Checklist Exercise