Chantal Lima & Carolina Cardenas

1. Excretory System Chantal Lima & Carolina Cardenas

2. Table Of Contents • Vocabulary • Waste Problems • Learning About The Excretory System • Excretory System Functions • The Human Excretory System • What Is Excretory System • Components Of The Excretory System • The Kidney • White Cells • Liver • Skin • Lungs

3. Vocabulary • Kidney:Either one of a pair of organs in the dorsal region of the vertebrate abdominal cavity, functioning to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, which are then excreted as urine. • Bladder: Any of various distensible membranous sacs, such as the urinary bladder or the swim bladder, that serve as receptacles for fluid or gas. • Utter: Complete; absolute; entire: utter nonsense; utter darkness. • Retal Veins: The vessels carrying blood. • Renal Arteries: An artery with its origin in the aorta and with distribution to the kidney.

4. Vocabulary • Urethra: The canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder in most mammals and through which semen is discharged in the male. • Waste: To use, consume, spend, or expend thoughtlessly or carelessly. • Urea: A water-soluble compound, CO(NH2)2, that is the major nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism and is the chief nitrogenous component of the urine in mammals and other organisms. Also called car amide. • Urine: The fluid excreted by the kidneys, passed through the urethras, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra; its constituents and volume vary widely from day to day in order to maintain normal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. • Nephron: Any of the numerous filtering units of the vertebrate kidney that remove waste matter from the blood.

5. Vocabulary • Glomerulus: A small cluster or mass of blood vessels or nerve fibers. • Bowman’s Capsule: A double-walled, cup-shaped structure around the Glomerulus of each Nephron of the vertebrate kidney. • Distal Tubule: A small tube situated farthest from point of attachment or origin, as of a limb or bone. • Proximal Tubule: The convoluted portion of the vertebrate Nephron that lies between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henley, is made up of a single layer of cubical cells with striated borders. • Collecting Duct: Tubules renails collagens; see under tubules.

6. Vocabulary • Homeostasis: maintenance of equilibrium or a stable bodily state. • Urine Formation: The waste product secreted by the kidneys that in mammals is a yellow to amber-colored, slightly acid fluid discharged from the body through the urethra. • Filtration: The act or process of filtering. • Reabsorption: To accommodate or accept again, as into a group or category: The economy cannot reabsorb all of the refugees into the workforce.

7. Waste Problems The trillions of cells that make up our bodies are working all the time. Their activities produce waste problems, were allowed to build up, the body would become poisoned and die. Fortunately, the body has a very efficient system for getting rid of wastes and other harmful substances. Called the excretory system, it is a complicated system whose parts are found though the body.

8. Learning about the excretory system Excretation is a basic as eating. Scientist learning a grate deal about the excretory system in the late 1800’s and the early part of this century. This knowledge resulted in many treatments for excretory problems, including kidney dialysis matches that act as artificial kidney and techniques for transplanting kidneys from one person to another.

9. Excretory System Functions • Collect water and filter body fluids. 2) Remove and concentrate waste products from body fluids as necessary for homeostasis. 3) Eliminate excretory products from the body.

10. The Human Excretory System The urinary system is made-up of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The nephron, an evolutionary modification of the nephridium, is the kidney's functional unit. Waste is filtered from the blood and collected as urine in each kidney. Urine leaves the kidneys by ureters, and collects in the bladder. The bladder can distend to store urine that eventually leaves through the urethra.

11. What Is Excretory System ? The excretory system removes water, waste material and harmful substances from the body. This process is called excretion or elimination. The lungs, skin, kidneys and lower intestine are involved in excretion. The urinary system is considered part of the excretory system. The kidneys and bladder are parts of the urinary system. Solid wastes are removed from the body through the intestine during bowel movements.

12. Components Of The Excretory System • Kidneys 2) White Blood Cells 3) Liver 4) Skin 5) Lungs

13. The Kidney A kidney has 1,000,000 nephron, which are like little mini-organs. They have there own circulation system, meaning they have their own blood supply, an arteriole, a venue, and some capillaries. It also has a tube connecting it to the ureter.

14. White Cells Whenever a germ or infection enters the body, the white blood cells snap to attention and race toward the scene of the crime. The white blood cells are continually on the lookout for signs of disease. When a germ does appear, the white blood cells have a variety of ways by which they can attack.

15. Liver The liver is the largest glandular organ of the body. It weighs about 3 lb. It is reddish brown in color and is divided into four lobes of unequal size and shape. The liver lies on the right side of the abdominal cavity beneath the diaphragm.

16. Skin The skin is the body's largest organ. It protects us against sunlight, injury, and infection. It helps regulate body temperature, stores water and fat, and produces vitamin D. The skin has two main layers:  the outer epidermis and the inner dermis.

17. Lungs The Lungs are paired organs in the chest that perform respiration. Each human has two lungs. Each lung is between 10 and 12 inches long. The two lungs are separated by a structure called the mediastinum.