The Digital Divide By Dan Grattan Jane Harrington Kathryn Odell Jan Valine Heather Hoffman

1. The Digital Divide By Dan Grattan Jane Harrington Kathryn Odell Jan Valine Heather Hoffman

2. “For Some citizens Technology brings the Promise of Inclusion, Opportunity, and Wealth” http://www.digitaldivide.gov

3. What is the Value of Technology in Education? • For • Preparation for • Life • Preparation for • Work • Communication • Research • Self Image • Higher Lifetime • Income • Against • Cost • Efficacy • Time • Lack of • Infrastructure • Back to Basics • Unfair Access/ Digital Divide

4. Misnomer? Digital Divide indicates a line of separation, one side from another. Technology use and knowledge is much more complex than this two dimensional picture paints. Within every subgroup there are haves and have-nots, interest and disinterest, work relativity and not, access and no access. It is even more difficult to analyze when one considers cultural anomalies that make technology more or less accessible. It may be politically expedient to speak of subgroups but the real issue is across the board access and education that creates greater equity—what ever the individual realities. This is the best argument for technology in public schools.

5. The Tale of Two Students • Both testing in the 90% • Raised by single mothers • Same classroom opportunities • Both of South European descent • How does the digital divide manifest itself in a classroom of rural white children?

6. PERSONAL DESCRIPTIONS Student One: Raised by single mother in her hometown. Extended family includes Uncles, Aunts, and Grandparents. He has had access to the internet for years and is comfortable with research and various formats. He supplies fellow students with research for papers, gaining popularity. He is quite, studious, athletic, and a natural leader. Student Two: Raised by single mother who moved constantly, staying one step ahead of collectors. He has spent much of his life taking care of his brother while his mother disappears for days at a time in search of drugs. He is quick minded, socially inappropriate, not popular, and has never used a computer.

7. STUDENT SUCCESS Student 1 is now in high school and doing well. He still has a 4.0 GPA and uses a computer to make school easier. His papers are always typed and edited on a computer. He includes graphs and other extensions when applicable. Student 2 is in high school and struggles academically. He has taken classes in computer literacy but does not have access at home and maintains a 2.0 GPA. His papers are hand written and less than neat. He is still quick minded and does well when working in hands on situation. *Neither student is suspected of using drugs or alcohol, nor have they been disciplined for any serious transgression.

8. Increase of Internet Growth Across US August 2000 September 2001 Source: NTIA and ESA, U.S. Department of Commerce, using U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey Supplements

9. Computer Use

10. Internet Use

11. Growth in Internet Use by Family Income, Percent of Persons Age 3 + (Annual Rate) December 1998 to September 2001 Source: NTIA and ESA, U.S. Department of Commerce, using U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey Supplements

12. Individuals Not Using the Internet, By Selected Educational Attainment Level, August 2000 and September 2001 Source: NTIA and ESA, U.S. Department of Commerce, using U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey Supplements

13. Income and Education Have Independent Effects on Internet Use, Age 25 Source: NTIA and ESA, U.S. Department of Commerce, using U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey Supplements

14. Internet Use Among Children At Home/ Outside Home/Any Location, 2001 as a Percent of U.S. Population Source: NTIA and ESA, U.S. Department of Commerce, using U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey Supplements

15. Internet Use Among 10 to 17 Year-Olds By Household Type, 2001 Source: NTIA and ESA, U.S. Department of Commerce, using U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey Supplements

16. Computer Use by Gender Internet Use by Gender

17. Computer Use by Race Internet Use by Race Source: NTIA and ESA, U.S. Department of Commerce, using U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey Supplements

18. Information is Power "June 19 commemorates the day in 1865 when slaves in Texas first learned that Abraham Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln actually signed the proclamation much earlier in 1863. But the Texas slaves, deprived of this information, had to wait two and a half more years before finally achieving freedom." Tony Riddle Executive director Manhattan Neighborhood Network

19. What is being done to bridge the divide? • E-Rate • Provided school districts and libraries significant discounts in services. • Between 20-90% savings was given to these institutions for connectivity to the Internet. • Estimated that 60% of the applications in the third year of funding came from the country’s neediest schools.

20. What is being done to bridge the divide? Plugged-In - An East Palo Alto CTC The Greenhouse An afterschool program for elementary students. They learn art through technology. A nearby elementary school is also provided access to the lab. Enterprises This program trains teens on web design. Once trained, the youth may then participate in the web design business that helps the community. Community Central Community members are provided with access, training, job information, and health services.

21. What is being done to bridge the divide? Roseville Science and Technology and Access Center The Science and Tech Center was funded by local and international businesses. Drop in hours provide daily access to all community members. They also offer classes to 5th through 8th graders after school, senior citizens, and adults (14+).

22. What is being done to bridge the divide? • Neighborhood Network • Funding provided from HUD to set up • residential technology centers within housing • projects. • Florin Meadows Apartments - Free/Low-cost Internet access, Activities targeting youth, activities targeting seniors, Activities targeting low-income communities • Florin Gardens CLC – • Family Outreach of Whispering Pines NNC • Park Place Apartments NNC • Greenbriar Apartments NNC • Foothill Plaza I

23. What is being done to bridge the divide? • Homeless Shelters -Since 1993, CVM (in Community Voice Mail), has provided hundreds of thousands of people in 40 cities and counties with free and low-cost voicemail services. In the U.S. and Canada, nearly 2,000 welfare to work agencies, domestic violence shelters, veterans administration services, and others link to one of the numerous CVM programs, helping people to obtain jobs, housing, healthcare, and safety.

24. What is being done to bridge the divide? • Education: • High schools in a local district are offering courses that involve technology skills. Tech skills are incorporated in college prep classes as well as ROP classes. Therefore preparing students for which ever path they take. • Net Days- brought business and community • members together in an effort to • provide all access to schools. • PT3 - Purpose is to prepare preservice teacher to • incorporate technology into the curriculum. • Conferences for Educators • CUE • TRLD • Nevada Tech Leadership Conference

25. Resources to Help Bridge the Gap Tool Kit for Bridging the Digital Divide in Your Community http://www.ed.gov/Technology/tool_kit.html How to set up a Community Tech Center http://www.ctcnet.org/toc.htm Help with Grant Writing file:///ttp///www.fdncenter.org/ Digital Divide Curriculum http://www.washington.edu/wto/digital/

26. Access “It is only after access to technology is assured that computer literacy can begin. Access is not simply having access to up-to-date technology; it should also include access to qualified teachers, appropriate software and Web content, as well as a climate which fosters inclusion. Integral to this issue is the quality and quantity of the access.” http://www.pbs.org/digitaldivide/themes.html

27. Bibliography http://www.digitaldividenetwork.org/content/stories/index.cfm?key=168 http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fttn00/contents00.html http://www.pluggedin.org/ http://www.rosevillestac.org/ http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/digitaldivide/index.html http://www.digitaldivide.gov/ http://www.ed.gov/Technology/digdiv.html http://www.benton.org http://www.ntia.doc.gov