RYA Instructor Conference South Africa 2019

1. RYA Instructor Conference South Africa 2019 RADAR – Our most effective, forgotten electronic device Andy Wright Yachtmaster Instructor Trainer Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

2. Aim and Objectives • Aim • To introduce teaching RADAR concepts, with and without a RADAR available. • Objectives • Explain the key RADAR Concepts • Discuss and show examples of how RADAR concepts can be taught • Demonstrate some practical examples Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

3. RADAR Myths • Microwaves are bad for people • RADARS use lots of power…… • RaymarineMagnatron 3 Amps transmitting 1.5 Amps standby • Raymarine Quantum (FMCW) 1.4 Amps transmitting 0.6 Amps Standby • RADAR Scanners effect a vessels stability Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

4. What does the RYA ask us to Examine at YM Offshore level?.................. • Absolute basics • Position • Navigation and Pilotage • Rule 5 (Lookout) • Rule 6 (Safe Speed) • Rule 7 (Risk of collision) • Rule 19 (Restricted Visibility) Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

5. What to our students need to know………… • Absolute basics: • After turning on… • Heading mode in use (HU,NU,CU) • Can identify and describe the basic use of EBL, VRM • Knowledge of gain, rain and sea clutter controls but understands that auto settings are usually sufficient on modern sets. Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

6. Position • VRM for position fixing • knowledge of the impact of topography on ability to use radar in pilotage waters • understand reasons for avoiding using an EBL for position fixing due beam width error and accuracy of bearing due display mode (Head up (relative bearing), North up (true bearing), Course up (pretend true if ground stabilised) • when using radar range and bearing is suitable e.g. with Racon or LANBY. Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

7. RADAR Concepts • Collisions – Head up • EBL • CPA • TCPA • Relative speed and motion • Navigation – North Up • Range and bearing • VRM fix • Pilotage • VRM Parallel index • Weather – Head up or North up Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

8. But first this………………. • The 6 minute rule • 6 minutes is 1/10th of an hour. • In 6 minutes at 6 knots you travel 0.6 Nm • In 6 minutes at 10 knots you travel 1.0 Nm • In 6 minutes at 25 knots you travel 2.5 Nm • So we always plot in 6 minute intervals Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

9. Using the EBL for collisions avoidance • It’s a great way to check the crews bearings • It gets us using the RADAR • It allows us to make a decision early about a collision Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

10. Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

11. 000 8 6 nm 1 nm 1200 – 040 1206 – 041 1212 - 042 EBL

12. 000 8 6 nm 1 nm 1200 – 318 1206 – 313 1212 - 305 EBL

13. 000 8 6 nm 1 nm 1200 – 027 1206 – 025 1212 - 017 EBL

14. 000 8 6 nm 1 nm 1200 – 300 1206 – 302 1212 - 304 CPA 1.2 nm

15. O – W – A What does it mean? • When we are plotting we have letters to help us remember what is going on! • Maybe remember a simple plot to show students on a course? • O = ‘Original’ Plot of the contact • W = Signifies ‘Way’ • A = Signifies ‘Another’ • O – W is ‘Own Way’ • W – A is ‘Way of Another’ Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

16. 000 8 6 nm 1 nm Head Up 1200 – 300 1206 – 302 1212 - 304 Vessels true course 050 (add you hdg to other ships heading – its relative!) Vessels true Speed 2.5miles (in 12 mins) – 12.5 knts O A CPA 1.2 nm W

17. 120 10 6 nm 1 nm x North Up CPA 1nm Target true heading 090 T W A O

18. VRM 3.5 miles VRM – will give a 3 point fix

19. Range: 3.67 Bearing: 048

20. True and relative motion • RADAR sets can display true or relative motion • Sets on small boats can usually only display relative due to input restrictions (Compass, GPS) • The problem we have is that we stay stationary (seemingly) in the centre of the RADAR screen. • Of course we know we’re moving, and the targets around us are moving, so they're moving relatively to us. When we avoiding collisions (or not!) we need to make the picture (or plotting sheet) into true motion. Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

21. O A W

22. Head Up O A W

23. O W & A Head Up

24. The boat you’re teach on doesn’t have a RADAR? – no problem………… • Counters to simulate true and relative motion (using plotting sheet) • Draw EBL on a plotting sheet with CPA: • Demonstrating a collision situation • Vessel passing ahead and astern • Demonstrate a VRM 3 point fix • Demonstrate a VRM Range and Bearing • Draw a collision using a O, W, A Triangle (CPA, TCPA, boat speed and aspect) • Use a VRM to run along a wall or coastline • Head up and North up Plots Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

25. What else can we say about RADAR? • Mini Automatic RADAR Plotting Aid (MARPA) • How to acquire targets • What information it gives us • Limitations • Number of contacts • Symbols and vectors • Trails • Tracking weather • Rule 19 Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

26. Rule 19 Don’t turn to Port Don’t turn towards the vessel

27. Now its time to get creative………… • Using the assorted bits and pieces scattered around, have a go in small groups re-creating some of the RADAR concepts we have looked at? • Demonstrate a EBL on a contact with various CPA • Create a OWA plot • Make a Rule 19 plotting sheet place various vessels to test the correct decision • Re-create the true / relative motion scenario Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

28. Summary • Aim • To introduce teaching RADAR concepts onboard with no RADAR available I hope the session has been useful and inspired you to explore how to teach some RADAR concepts without a RADAR. Any questions???????? Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

29. Back to Vaughan…… Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests