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FreeBSD

FreeBSD. huanghs. Outline. FreeBSD version 9.0-RELEASE 9.1-RC1 Installing FreeBSD From CD-ROM From USB. FreeBSD Version. FreeBSD Branches/Tags. Three parallel development branches: -RELEASE Latest Release Version: 9.0 ( January, 2012 ) http://www.freebsd.org/releases/

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FreeBSD

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  1. FreeBSD huanghs

  2. Outline • FreeBSD version • 9.0-RELEASE • 9.1-RC1 • Installing FreeBSD • From CD-ROM • From USB

  3. FreeBSD Version

  4. FreeBSD Branches/Tags • Three parallel development branches: • -RELEASE • Latest Release Version: • 9.0 (January, 2012) • http://www.freebsd.org/releases/ • Upcoming 9.1 (September, 2012) • http://wiki.freebsd.org/Releng/9.1TODO • -STABLE • Tested new features and bug fixes • MFC: Merge From Current • -CURRENT • Working space for FreeBSD developers • Current version: • 10-CURRENT • http://www.freebsd.org/releng/

  5. FreeBSD Version • FreeBSD–A.B.C–Type • A: major version Number • B: minor version Number • C: slight patch version number • Type: version type • PRERELEASE • BETA • RC • RELEASE • STABLE • CURRENT • Choosing the FreeBSD Version That Is Right For You: • http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/articles/version-guide/

  6. FreeBSD Installation

  7. FreeBSD view of Disk (1)

  8. FreeBSD View of Disk (2) • What is the meaning of ad0s1a • Disk name • ad: IDE, SATA • da: SCSI, usb stick • Replace { ad | da } by ada, and link to ada’s • Slice is equal to the partition of common use • Primary partition: s1 ~ s4 • Extended partition: s5 ~ sn • Label in each slice • a: root partition / • b: swap • c: entire slice • defgh: /usr, /home, …

  9. Knowing Your Hardware • CPU • 32bit or 64bit • Intel、AMD • Architecture: amd64, i386 (, ia64, pc98, powerpc, sparc64) • RAM • Size • HD • Size, amount, SCSI or IDE • VGA • Brand, ram size • Sound • Brand • Network Interface Card • Brand • IP、Netmask、Default gateway、Hostname、DNS • Other Special device • pciconf -lv

  10. Pre-Installation Tasks • One PC or Notebook (don’t use Virtual PC!!!) • Another Hard Disk or Shrink a Partition on Your Hard Drive (20 G) • One IP (no private!!) • Network Information • IP address • Subnet mask • Default router IP address • domain name of the local network • DNS server IP address(es) • Prepare the Installation Media • ftp://tw.freebsd.org/pub/releases/

  11. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (1) • http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/bsdinstall.html

  12. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (2) • Install、Shell、Live CD

  13. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (3) • Setting hostname • Ex. xxxsa.cs.nctu.edu.tw

  14. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (4) • Selecting components to install

  15. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (5) • Partitioning methods • Shell – gpart(8)、fdisk(8)、bsdlabel(8)

  16. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (6) • Guided Partitioning • Select disk • Replace { ad | da } by ada • { ad | da }’s are linkedto ada’s • How to partition the disk • Entire Disk • Partition – use free space

  17. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (7) • Guided Partitioning result

  18. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (8) • Manual Partitioning

  19. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (9) • Choose a partitioning scheme • Master Boot Record (MBR) • 4 Primary Partition, 1 Extended Partition, multiple Logical Partition • GUID Partition Table (GPT) • 128 Partitions per disk • DON’T use BSD!!!

  20. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (10) • Add partitions • freebsd-boot • FreeBSD boot code. This partition must be first on the disk.

  21. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (11) • Final confirmation

  22. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (12) • Fetching  Checksum Verification  Extraction

  23. bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) – (13) • Post-installation • root password • Network interfaces • Wired – Static IPv4 / DHCP / Static IPv6 / SLAAC • Wireless • DNS • Time Zone • Services • Add users

  24. Post-installation • Setting the root Password

  25. Post-installation • Network interfaces

  26. Post-installation • Configuring IPv4 Networking

  27. Post-installation • Configuring IPv6 Networking • IPv6 Stateless Address Auto configuration (SLAAC)

  28. Post-installation • Configuring DNS

  29. Post-installation • Setting the Time Zone

  30. Post-installation • Selecting Services to Enable

  31. Post-installation • Enabling Crash Dumps (no)

  32. Post-installation • Add Users • Username - huanghs • Full name - Cage Huang • Uid - User ID. Typically left blank. • Login group - The user's group. Typically left. • Invite user into other groups? - wheel • Login class - Typically left blank for the default. • Shell - The interactive shell for this user. CSCC use tcsh. • Home directory - The user's home directory. • Home directory permissions - The default is usually correct. • Use password-based authentication? - Typically "yes". • Use an empty password? - Typically "no". • Use a random password? - Typically "no". • Enter password - The actual password for this user. • Enter password again - The password must be typed again for verification. • Lock out the account after creation? - Typically "no".

  33. Post-installation • Final Configuration

  34. FreeBSD Handbook • Chapter 3 FreeBSD 9.X and Later • http://www.tw.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/bsdinstall.html • Chinese resources • http://www.tw.freebsd.org/doc/zh_TW/books/handbook/install.html • Chapter 2 Installing FreeBSD 8.X and Earlier

  35. Login • SSH (Secure Shell) • PuTTY:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html • Chinese Environment:http://www.cs.nctu.edu.tw/help/putty.html

  36. Play with Your FreeBSD • Useful commands • passwd, chsh, chfn, chpass • ls • ps, top • mkdir/rmdir • cp/mv/rm • write • man • login/exit/logout/screen • Editor: ee, vim, joe, …etc. • Connecting: ssh/telnet • Email reader: mutt, …etc. • News reader: tin • File Transmittion: ftp, ncftp, lftp, scp, wget, curl, …etc. • Compilers: gcc, g++, javac, …etc. • Scripting: perl, php, ruby, python …etc.

  37. Help Yourself – man (1) • man pages (manual) • Contain descriptions of • Individual command. • % man cp • File format. • % man rc.local • Library routines. • % man strcpy

  38. Help Yourself – man (2) • Command • % man [section] title • % man printf (printf command) • % man 3 printf (C Standard printf func.) • % man –k exit (keyword search) • Man pages organization %man man

  39. Conventions • Syntax of commands: • Anything between “[” & “]” – are optional. • Anything followed by “…” – can be repeated. • {a | b} – you should choose one of them. • Example: • bork [-x] { on | off } filename … bork on /etc/hosts ○ bork –x off /etc/hosts /etc/passwd ○ bork –x /etc/hosts Ｘ bork -h /etc/hosts Ｘ

  40. HOWTO - Shutdown • FreeBSD Shutdown • shutdown -p now • reboot

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