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FreeBSD

FreeBSD. changlp. Outline. FreeBSD version 8.2-RELEASE Installing FreeBSD From CD-ROM. FreeBSD Version. FreeBSD Branches/Tags. Three parallel development branches: -RELEASE Latest Release Version: 8.2 (Feb, 2011) http://www.freebsd.org/releases/ Upcoming 9.0 -STABLE

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FreeBSD

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  1. FreeBSD changlp

  2. Outline • FreeBSD version • 8.2-RELEASE • Installing FreeBSD • From CD-ROM

  3. FreeBSD Version

  4. FreeBSD Branches/Tags • Three parallel development branches: • -RELEASE • Latest Release Version: • 8.2 (Feb, 2011) • http://www.freebsd.org/releases/ • Upcoming 9.0 • -STABLE • Tested new features and bug fixes • MFC: Merge From Current • -CURRENT • Working space for FreeBSD developers • Current version: • 9.0-CURRENT • http://www.freebsd.org/releng/

  5. FreeBSD Version • FreeBSD–A.B.C–Type • A: major version Number • B: minor version Number • C: slight patch version number • Type: version type • PRERELEASE • BETA • RC • RELEASE • STABLE • CURRENT • Choosing the FreeBSD Version That Is Right For You: • http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/articles/version-guide/

  6. FreeBSD Installation

  7. FreeBSD view of Disk (1)

  8. FreeBSD View of Disk (2) • What is the meaning of ad0s1a • Disk name • ad: IDE, SATA • da: SCSI, usb stick • Slice is equal to the partition of common use • Primary partition: s1 ~ s4 • Extended partition: s5 ~ sn • Label in each slice • a: root partition / • b: swap • c: entire slice • defgh: /usr, /home, …

  9. Installing FreeBSD • Steps • Knowing your hardware • Obtaining installation file • Booting from CD/DVD/usb-stick • FreeBSD installer: sysinstall • Partition • Label • Distribution • Media • Commit • Post-installation configurations

  10. Installing FreeBSD – 1. Knowing Your Hardware • CPU • 32bit or 64bit • Intel、AMD • Architecture: amd64, i386 (, ia64, pc98, powerpc, sparc64) • RAM • Size • HD • Size, amount, SCSI or IDE • VGA • Brand, ram size • Sound • Brand • Network Interface Card • Brand • IP、Netmask、Default gateway、Hostname、DNS • Other Special device • pciconf -lv

  11. Installing FreeBSD – 2. Obtaining Installation File • FreeBSD installation CD • ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/ISO-IMAGES-amd64/8.2/FreeBSD-8.2-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso • ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/ISO-IMAGES-amd64/8.2/FreeBSD-8.2-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso • ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/ISO-IMAGES-amd64/8.2/FreeBSD-8.2-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso.xz • ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/ISO-IMAGES-amd64/8.2/FreeBSD-8.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img • Burn CD, DVD, or USB!

  12. Installing FreeBSD – 3. Booting from CD (1)

  13. Installing FreeBSD – 3. Booting from CD (2) Enter

  14. Installing FreeBSD – 3. Booting from CD (3) Just use default or…

  15. Installing FreeBSD – 3. Booting from CD (4) 這丟係愛台灣啦!!!

  16. Installing FreeBSD – 3. Booting from CD (5) Use USA ISO keymap because we don’t have our keyboard layout…

  17. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer Being experts!

  18. 5 major steps Partition your disk Label your disk Choose what to install Choose how to install Do it! Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Custom

  19. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Partition (1) • If you have more than one disk… • You can choose one to partition it.

  20. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Partition (2) • Create slice • Press “C” to create a new slice / Press “A” to use entire disk

  21. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Partition (3) • Press “S” to toggle “freebsd” as bootable • Press “Q” to next step (Select Boot Manager)

  22. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Partition (4) • Choose boot manager • Standard  Write to disk MBR • BootMgr  Install a simple boot manager to disk MBR • None  Leave it unchanged

  23. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Label (1) • BSDlabel Editor

  24. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Label (2) • Create label in ad0s1 and specify size • Press “C” to create bsdlabel • swap , / ( and /home, /var, …): size、type、mount point • Press “S” to toggle SoftUpdates (async written to disk)

  25. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Label (3) • Press “Q” to next step (back to custom installation options menu)

  26. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Distributions (1) • Custom

  27. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Distributions (2)

  28. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Distributions (3) • Select • base ; binary • kernels ; Generic kernel supports SMP • man ; Manual • src ; FreeBSD Source Code • ports ; FreeBSD Software Collection

  29. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Media • Choose “1 CD/DVD” if you have 8.2 Release CD disk 1 or DVD • Choose “3 FTP Passive” if your NIC is detected • Choose “9 USB” if you have 8.2 memstick usb stick

  30. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Media (2) • Install through FTP Passive • Specify ftp server

  31. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Media (3) • Select NIC • IPv6 and DHCP

  32. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Media (4) • Specify your IP information

  33. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Commit (1) Just do it!

  34. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Commit (2) • Last Chance! • We can take no responsibility for lost disk contents! • Don’t forget backup!

  35. Installing FreeBSD – 4. FreeBSD Installer: Commit (3) • Start to format disk and install operating system • You can press “Alt + F2” to see the install detail • There is a shell start in “Alt + F4”

  36. Installing FreeBSD – 5. Post Installation • Recommend you to do it! • Root Password • User and group management • Time Zone  Asia  Taiwan • Networking  interfaces, sshd

  37. Installing FreeBSD – 5. Post Installation: Root Password

  38. Installing FreeBSD – 5. Post Installation: User Management (1) • Create a group for users • Create a user for yourself • Least privilege

  39. Installing FreeBSD – 5. Post Installation: User Management (2)

  40. Installing FreeBSD – 5. Post Installation: User Management (3)

  41. Installing FreeBSD – 5. Post Installation: Time Zone

  42. Installing FreeBSD – 5. Post Installation: Networking (1) • Interfaces

  43. Installing FreeBSD – 5. Post Installation: Networking (2) • sshd

  44. Installing FreeBSD – 5. Post Installation: Done! • Be sure to remove booting media. • You would not want restart whole process again…

  45. FreeBSD Handbook • Chapter 2 Installing FreeBSD • http://www.tw.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/install.html • Chinese resources • http://www.tw.freebsd.org/doc/zh_TW/books/handbook/install.html

  46. Login • SSH (Secure Shell) • PuTTY:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html • Chinese Environment:http://www.cs.nctu.edu.tw/help/putty.html

  47. Play with Your FreeBSD • Useful commands • passwd, chsh, chfn, chpass • ls • ps, top • mkdir/rmdir • cp/mv/rm • write • man • login/exit/logout/screen • Editor: ee, vim, joe, …etc. • Connecting: ssh/telnet • Email reader: mutt, …etc. • News reader: tin • File Transmittion: ftp, ncftp, lftp, scp, wget, curl, …etc. • Compilers: gcc, g++, javac, …etc. • Scripting: perl, php, ruby, python …etc.

  48. Help Yourself – man (1) • man pages (manual) • Contain descriptions of • Individual command. • % man cp • File format. • % man rc.local • Library routines. • % man strcpy

  49. Help Yourself – man (2) • Command • % man [section] title • % man printf (printf command) • % man 3 printf (C Standard printf func.) • % man –k exit (keyword search) • Man pages organization %man man

  50. Conventions • Syntax of commands: • Anything between “[” & “]” – are optional. • Anything followed by “…” – can be repeated. • {a | b} – you should choose one of them. • Example: • bork [-x] { on | off } filename … bork on /etc/hosts ○ bork –x off /etc/hosts /etc/passwd ○ bork –x /etc/hosts Ｘ bork -h /etc/hosts Ｘ

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