Vocabulary/Identification

1. Vocabulary/Identification • Joseph Stalin • Benito Mussolini • Adolph Hitler • Nazism • Francisco Franco • Neutrality Acts • fascism • totalitarian

2. Chapter 16 – 1 Dictators Threaten World Peace

3. Section 16 – 1 Objectives • Identify and describe the type of governments that took power in Italy, Germany, Russia, and Japan after World War I. • Describe why America turned to isolationism in the 1930’s.

4. Joseph Stalin • Leader of The Soviet Union (formally Russia) • Political movement and beliefs: • Communism – A form of political and economic philosophy that places a strong central government as its decision maker. • Encourages workers of the world to unite and overthrow the upper class through worker revolutions.

5. Joseph Stalin • Political movement and beliefs: • State ownership of property and the means of production that eventually leads to the rule of the working class. • Actions taken in the 1920’s and 1930’s • Massive campaigns to collectivize farms and industry. • Wants to bring the USSR into the 20th century through industrialization • Begins the Great Purge

6. Joseph Stalin

7. Benito Mussolini • Leader of Italy • Political movement and beliefs: • Fascism – an extreme nationalistic and militaristic movement • Promoted expansionism and the elimination of private property. • Characterized by a strong, central government • Anti-communistic tnedencies

8. Benito Mussolini • Actions taken in the 1920’s and 1930’s • Organized the March on Rome • Participated in the Berlin Pact with Hitler • Lead the invasion of Ethiopia, toppling Haile Selassie

9. Benito Mussolini

10. Adolf Hitler • Leader of Germany • Political movement and beliefs: • Nazism – extreme nationalistic and racist philosophy of government and ruling. • Promoted militaristic buildup and expansionism • Abolishment of private property • Strong central government that is anti-communistic

11. Adolf Hitler • Actions taken in the 1920’s and 1930’s • Established the Third Reich • Pulled Germany out of the League of Nations • Built up Germany’s military • Sent troops to the Rhineland • Set up Berlin – Rome Axis Pact

12. Adolf Hitler

13. Japanese Militarists • Leaders of Japan (along with Hirohito) • Political movements and beliefs • Extreme militaristic and nationalistic tendencies • Promoted the nationalistic feelings of the Japanese people • Expanded Japan’s military capabilities

14. Japanese Militarists • Actions taken in the 1920’s and 1930’s • Invasion of Manchuria (China) • Pulled out of the League of Nations • Tried to expand their territories to increase Japans access to raw materials

15. Japan’s Military Takes Over

16. Francisco Franco • Leader of Spain • Political movements and beliefs • Fascism, similar to that of Mussolini. • Supported by Hitler in the Spanish Revolution • Extreme views of militarism and military expansion. • Actions taken in the 1920’s and 1930’s • Led a successful uprising against the elected government which resulted in a civil war.

17. Francisco Franco

19. America Isolates Itself • Wary of being pulled into another world conflict, many Americans urged the government to avoid war at all costs. • Even the Girl Scouts got into the act, changing the color of their uniforms from khaki to green because many felt that khaki resembled the color of military uniforms.

20. America Isolates Itself • Congress passes the Neutrality Acts in 1935 to keep the U.S. out of potential conflicts abroad. • These Acts outlawed the U.S. from selling arms, or provide loans to combatants and prevented the U.S from interfering in the conflict in Spain.

21. Homework • Using the graphic organizer, list and describe the leaders and their governments of the following countries; Italy, Japan, Germany, and Russia.