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Open Learning

Open Learning. A practical approach to thinking about open education Fredrick w. Baker iii www.fredwbaker.com. The path. Defining Openness Open Learning Elements of Open Learning Environments Types of Openness Open Educational Designs (course types) Conclusion.

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Open Learning

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  1. Open Learning A practical approach to thinking about open education Fredrick w. Baker iii www.fredwbaker.com

  2. The path • Defining Openness • Open Learning • Elements of Open Learning Environments • Types of Openness • Open Educational Designs (course types) • Conclusion http://liveholiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/path.jpg

  3. OPenness http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/6555466069/sizes/l/in/photostream/

  4. Definition • No consistent definition of openness in literature or thinking • Very context dependent • Many related areas with subtle differences • Identifiable through characteristics

  5. Nature of Openness • Continuous construct • like a door- not on/off • Can be a little open, more open, or wide open

  6. Characteristics • General tenets • Transparency • Reduction of Barriers • Universal Rights/Ownership • Freedom of information • Access • Ability to Leave/Fork • Sharing Baker III, & Surry, 2013

  7. Open Learning http://www.ingeniosus.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Purchased-Man-in-Field-Freedom1.jpg

  8. Open Learning • Open Learning is: • Digitally enabled-Web 2.0 • Social Media/creative tools/PLEs/Blogs • Taking in/Digesting info/Sharing • Self-directed • Learner directs his/her own path • Sets own goals, engages where interested

  9. Open Learning • Not accredited-No real degrees • Various assessment/certificates models • Open Badges • Peer grading-essays • Different for different models • Issues with authentication, cheating, plagiarism

  10. We cannot teach another person directly; we can only facilitate his learning. • ~Attributed to Carl Rogers 

  11. Open Learning • Participation in open learning is done for the sake of learning • from internal, intrinsic motivation • Some important elements are: • connections, • communities, • authentic practice, • networking

  12. Elements of Open learning environments http://www.uky.edu/Ag/Entomology/ythfacts/4h/unit1/grassho.gif

  13. Open Learning Environments-Elements • Webs of connection: • Traditional classes are one-to-many, • OLEs are one-to-many, many-to-many, many-to-few. They are webs of connections.

  14. Open Learning Environments-Elements • There are three primary elements to all open learning environments: • Environment • Instructor • Learners

  15. OLE Element 1 • Environments • Freedom rule (learner agency) • Environment rule (resources and opportunity); • Individual Instruction rule (personalized, toward worthwhile education goals); • Respect rule (respect for learners) • Tunnell, 1975

  16. OLE Element 2 • Connected Instructors • Have active Personal Learning Environments (PLEs)** • Connections (people, tools, resources, communities, etc.) enable better teaching • Couros, 2009, Drexler, 2010

  17. OLE Element 3 • Students are often Open Scholars. • Open Scholars have PLEs: • Distributed online presence/identity (variety of services) • Central place to share • Network of peers • Engage in new technologies and openness • Informal & open publishing outlets • Weller, 2011

  18. OLE Element 3 • Students are not always open scholars! • Many are just everyday people • Parents • Professionals and ameteurs • All ages • Various industries • Basic comfort level with technology is very helpful

  19. Types of Openness http://www.corebankingblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Differentiation.jpg

  20. Types of Openness • Three schools of thought on openness • Procedural Openness • Normative Openness • Revolutionary Openness Hill, B.V., 1975

  21. Procedural Openness • Course designs reflect policy and design decisions that enable structured openness • Changes in procedures/environment • Enhances educational goals through enablingthe tenets of openness • (Transparency, Reduction of Barriers, Universal Rights/Ownership, Access, Ability to Leave/Fork, Sharing) Baker III, & Surry, 2013, Hill, B.V., 1975, Klein & Eshel, 1980

  22. Normative Openness • Learners should have full agency over their own learning; • i.e. have total ownership over all elements of all tasks and activities involved in education • Instructors/designers have almost no say • Probably best for autonomous/experienced learners Baker III, & Surry, 2013, Hill, B.V., 1975, Klein & Eshel, 1980

  23. Revolutionary Openness • Concerned with **disruptive changein education; • i.e., New model so superior and different that old must give way to new • Open Ed as innovative system to supplant traditional education • Education structures can be culturally bias, enforce oppression (Friere, 1970) Baker III, & Surry, 2013, Hill, B.V., 1975, Klein & Eshel, 1980

  24. Open Educational Designs

  25. Open Educational Designs • OEDs: Overarching term referring to all types of open learning environments • Traditional Education Models • Procedural Openness • Topic Focus Models • Normative Openness • Alternate Education Models • Revolutionary Openness Baker III, & Surry, 2013.

  26. Open Educational Designs Anchored Open Courses (Higher Education courses) Wiley’s open courses Ed Startup 101 Openness in Education DS106-(Groom/Lavine) EC&I 831: Open Education & Social Media (Couros) • Traditional Education Models (Procedural Openness): • Standard education models made open- some students registered with/graded by a university • Open K-12 • Utah Open High School • Open Home Schools Baker III, & Surry, 2013.

  27. Open Educational Designs Ill Structured cMOOCs(**Connectivist Massively Open Online Course) Change11 Oped12 CCK11 Topic Focus Models (Normative Openness): No schedule, free access to resources, full agency • Well Structured • Khan Academy • BonkOpen • MOOCMOOC Baker III, & Surry, 2013.

  28. Open Educational Designs Mass Delivery Models Udacity Coursera xMOOCs(Institutional) • Alternate Education Models(Revolutionary Openness): • Presented as alternative to traditional education models • PeeragogyModels • Peer2Peer University/Wikiversity • Open University Models • MIT Open CourseWare (OCW)/ University of the People (UoPeople)/edX Baker III, & Surry, 2013.

  29. http://www.flickr.com/photos/cogdog/6610909727/sizes/l/in/photostream/http://www.flickr.com/photos/cogdog/6610909727/sizes/l/in/photostream/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/50723930@N03/6164296462/sizes/l/in/photostream/

  30. Conclusion • Openness is defined by characteristics and context • Three elements to OLEs • Three types of Openness • Three categories of OEDs

  31. Conclusion • You can find the slides, presentation audio set to slides (later), links, references (many free to access), and resources at • www.fredwbaker.com • Under the “Resources” tab.

  32. The path • Defining Openness • Open Learning • Elements of Open Learning Environments • Types of Openness • Open Educational Designs (course types) • Conclusion http://liveholiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/path.jpg

  33. Contact me • Fred Baker • www.fredwbaker.com • fredwbaker@gmail.com • @fredwbaker

  34. References • Baker III, F.W., Surry, D.W. (2013). Open Educational Designs: A taxonomy for differentiating and classifying open learning environments. Paper submitted for the Annual Conference of the Society for Information Technology in Teacher Education (SITE). New Orleans, LA. • Couros, A. (2009). Open, connected, social-implications for educational design. Campus-Wide Information Systems 26 (3). Retrieved from http://www.icicte.org/ICICTE2008Proceedings/couros041.pdf • Drexler, W. (2010). The networked student model for construction of personal learning environments: Balancing teacher control and student autonomy. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 26(3). 369-385. Retrieved from http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet26/drexler.pdf • Friere, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Herder and Herder. • Hill, B.V. (1975). What’s open about open education? In Nyberg, D. (1975). The Philosophy of Open Education (pp.3-13). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, Ltd. • Klein, Z., Eshel, Y. (1980). The open classroom in a cross-cultural perspective: A research note. Sociology of Education, 53 (April) pp. 114-121. • Tunnell, D. (1975). Open Education: an expression in search of a definition. In Nyberg, D. (1975). The Philosophy of Open Education (pp.14-23). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, Ltd. • Weller, M. (2011). The Digital Scholar: How Technology is Transforming Scholarly Practice. USA: Bloomsbury Academic. Retrieved from http://www.bloomsburyacademic.com/view/ DigitalScholar_9781849666275/chapter-ba-9781849666275-chapter-009.xml

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