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Terminal Design Passenger Processing

Terminal Design Passenger Processing. Passenger Space Guidelines (1/2). Personal space Transit 18x24 inches Airports 5-10 ft 2 (30 inch circle) Lateral movement 30 inches between “traffic” lanes Longitudinal movement 8-10 feet per person Net pedestrian area 20-30 ft 2.

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Terminal Design Passenger Processing

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  1. Terminal DesignPassenger Processing

  2. Passenger Space Guidelines (1/2) • Personal space • Transit 18x24 inches • Airports 5-10 ft2 (30 inch circle) • Lateral movement • 30 inches between “traffic” lanes • Longitudinal movement • 8-10 feet per person • Net pedestrian area • 20-30 ft2

  3. Passenger Space Guidelines (2/2) • Queuing space • 5-10 ft2 • Stairs • 10-20 ft2 • Escalators can be smaller • Pedestrian flow • f = s/a • Where f pedestrian flow, s speed, a area per pedestrian (note analog to vehculartraffic flow density relationship q=kv)

  4. Passenger System (1/5) • Entryways • Passenger and visitors • Enplaning and deplaning • Auto doors 20-30 pax/min • Manual doors 10-15 pax/min • Lobby areas • All persons using airport • Seating capacity 15-25% of enplaning • Space 20 sf/pax

  5. Passenger System (2/5) • Ticket counter • Check in and baggage drop • Estimate 10% of peak hour originating pax with 5 pax in line max • Spacing: 10-12 ft. between counters without bags 12-16 ft. between counters for regular • Queue space 3 ft./pax = 15 ft. • Provide 20-35 ft. circulation area behind queues • 10 ft. of depth for the counter itself

  6. Passenger System (3/5) • Security • Service rate 300-450 pax/hr (lower than book says) • 15-20 ft wide; 30-60 ft long • Deplaning exit corridor 15-20 ftwide, revolving door or guards 20-40’ 10’-20’ 15-20’

  7. Passenger System (4/5) • Departure lounge • Estimate 80% of pax seating • Space 10-15 ft2/paxboarding • Walking corridors should be provided • Boarding corridors • 10 ft. wide • Service rate 2-4 pax/min

  8. Passenger System (4/5) • Corridors • 20 ft wide minimum • 40-50 ft desirable for maneuvering • Stairs • 30 inches minimum per lane • Speed 50-300 ft/min; average 100 ft/min • Baggage claim • Special procedures

  9. Queuing Equations (1/4) • Arrivals • Poisson rate q • Service • Exponential rate Q • Ratio • ρ= q/Q < 1.0 • More than one servers (N) • Ratio ρ = q/(Q N)

  10. Queuing Equations (2/4) • M/M/1 • Wait time in queue: E(w) = q/[Q(Q-q)] • Average time in system: E(t) = 1/(Q-q) • Average queue length: E(m) = q2/[Q(Q-q)] • Probability of k units in system: P(k)= (q/Q)k [1-(q/Q)] • Used for flow through processes • Entrance gates • Security • Jetways

  11. Queuing Equations (2/4) • M/D/1 • Wait time in queue: E(w) = q/[2Q(Q-q)] • Average time in system: E(t) = [2Q-q]/[2Q(Q-q)] • Average queue length: E(m) = [q(2Q-q)]/[2Q(Q-q)] • Used for processes with fixed service • Ticket services • Car rental

  12. Queuing Equations (3/4) • If ρ= q/Q > 1.0 • Wait time in queue: E(w’) = E(w) +E(e) • where E(w) is the E(w) when ρ =0.9 • and E(e)=T(q-kQ)/(2kQ) • where T is the time demand exceeds service • Average queue length: E(m) = E(w’)Q • Baggage claims • Average delay E(b) = E(t2) +nT/(n+1) –E(t1) • Where • t2 = time when 1st bag shows up • t1 = time when passengers arrive • N = number of bags per person • T = between first and last bags

  13. Queuing Equations (4/4) • Total passenger process time E(T) = E(w) + E(s) + E(t) where E(w) average wait in queue time E(s) average service time E(t) average walk time

  14. SS SS A2 A1 D E J J T T X X Passenger Flow - Enplaning L L

  15. SS D E J T X Enplaning Flow Example 500 pax/hr 300 225 L 175 500 200 100 Device Service time Doors 10 sec Express 90 sec Ticket 180 sec Security (X) 30 sec Seat Select 25 sec Jetway 20 sec Pax/hr/n 360 40 20 120 144 180 n Servers 2 6 6 5 4 4 Pax/hr 720 240 120 600 576 720

  16. Enplaning Flow Example Device q Q Wait (min) Service (sec) Gate 500 720 0.19 10 Express 225 240 1.88 90 Ticket 100 120 1.25 180 Security 500 600 0.50 30 Seat Select 300 576 0.06 25 Jetway 500 720 0.19 20

  17. Enplaning Flow Example 60 40 60 50 Concession Stands ATO 40 60 30 30 75 60 30 100

  18. Enplaning Flow Example 60 40 60 50 Walk dist (ft) Concession Stands ATO 40 395 305 185 60 300 235 30 30 75 60 30 100 295

  19. Enplaning Flow Example 629 150 380 760 60 120 X

  20. Enplaning Flow Example Wait time E(w)=1(0.19)+0.45(1.88)+0.20(1.25)+1(0.50)+0.60(0.06)+1(0.19) = 2.01 min Service time E(s)=1(10)+0.45(90)+0.20(180)+1(30)+0.60(25)+1(10)= 151.2 s. = 2.52 min Walk time E(t)= [0.45[(235+295)/2]+0.20[(395+305)/2]+ 0.35[0.75(185)+0.25(300)]+1(760)]/2.5 = 408 s. = 6.8 min Total time E(T)= 2.01 + 2.52 + 6.83 = 11.36 min

  21. CR S B D E J Passenger Flow Deplaning

  22. CR S B D E J Deplaning Flow Example (1/8) 60 35 100 25 75 Device Service time Doors 10 sec Escalator 5 sec Security exit 3 sec Car rental 240 sec Jetway 10 sec 500 pax/hr 1.5 bags/pax 1 visit/pax

  23. CR S B D E J Deplaning Flow Example (2/8) 105 175 500 200 31 70 125 94 Bags: 1.5 bags/pax = 309 bags, 2 servers Device Service time Doors 10 sec Escalator 5 sec Security exit 3 sec Car rental 240 sec Jetway 10 sec Pax/hr 360 720 1200 15 360 Servers 4 1 1 14 2

  24. Deplaning Flow Example (3/8) Device qQ Wait (min) Service (min) Doors 1000 14400.05 10 Escalator 5007200.19 5 Security exit 500 12000.04 3 Car rental 1952101.86 240 Jetway 500720 0.19 10

  25. Enplaning Flow Example (4/8) Incoming Bags 40 40 Car Rentals 70 100 75 50 80 30 40 50 35 40

  26. Deplaning Flow Example (5/8) Incoming Bags 40 40 Car Rentals 70 100 220 210 315 75 405 295 50 75 30 50 50 35 50 345 415 650

  27. Deplaning Flow Example (6/8) 629 150 380 900 60 120 X

  28. Deplaning Flow Example (7/8) For bags E(w)= 0.19+0.19+ 0.04+0.06(1.86) = 0.53 min E(s)= 10+5+3+0.06(240)=0.54 min E(t)= [900+0.35(415)+0.06(405)]/2.5=7.13 min Avg arrival time=0.53+0.54+7.13 =8.20 Bags/device 309/2 = 155 bags Load time 155/10 = 15.5 min E(b) = E(t2)+nT/(n+1)–E(t1)=10+[1.5(15.5)/2.5]-8.20= 11.10 min

  29. Deplaning Flow Example (8/8) Wait time E(w)=1(0.19+0.19+0.04)+0.41(11.1)+0.39(1.86)+0.05 = 5.74 min Service time E(s)=1(10+5+3)+0.39(240)+1(10)= 2.03 min Walk time E(t)= [1(900)+0.40[(295+345)/2]+0.21(415+210)+ 0.14(415+650)+0.19(315)+0.06(405+210)]/2.5 = 9.41 min Total time E(T)= 5.74 + 2.03 + 9.41= 17.18 min

  30. Terminal Footprint

  31. Airport Roadway Circulation Enplaning Deplaning Terminal Frontage Road Short Term Parking Terminal Access Road Terminal Exit Road Long Term Parking

  32. Gate Configuration • Large airlines have their own • Smaller typically combine/share • May need to have “airline” terminals • Wide bodies occupy outside gates

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