“ pygmy ”

1. “pygmy” “pygmy”

2. รายงาน เรื่อง Pygmy เสนอโดย อาจารย์ จิรา จั่นเล็ก ภาคเรียนที่ 1 ปีการศึกษา 2551 โรงเรียนวชิรธรรมสาธิต กรุงเทพมหานคร

3. สารบัญ Contents หัวข้อ Heads หน้า Page • Pygmy 5-6 • Origins 7 • Map Pygmy land 8-9 • Clothing 10-12 • Way Of Life 13-15 • Education 16-18 • Family 19-24 • Quick Guide 25-33 • บรรณานุกรม34 • Member 35

4. “pygmy” “pygmy”

5. Pygmies • Pygmiesare a very small people. Standing at the highest of 5 feet tall, and weighing around 90 lbs. They have the rest of their bodies the same size, shape, and proportion as ours. However, they do range slightly in color- from African American with red tones to yellow tones. Pygmiesare gifted with an interesting trait as well; they have unusually large big toes. This is believed to be an adaptation evolved from their excessive climbing and propping themselves with their big toe and using it to cla.

6. origins • The Pygmieshave been in central Africa long before other groups migrated into that region. The ancient Egyptians left records of contacts with the Pygmies. They are a distinct race of human beings with their own culture and languages, and not just small people. With the migration of the Bantus into the region, the Pygmies lost much of their land, and then with colonialism and commercial development, much of their forest was cut down. One of the last of the Pygmy groups that has kept its original culture has been the Efe Pygmies who lived in the I turi forest in eastern Congo, the country previously called Zaire.

7. The pygmies land

9. Clothing • The pygmieslive in the Ituri forest in northeastern Congo/Zaire. They build their homes of branches and leaves. They wear little clothing because it is always warm in the rainforest. They make their clothing from leaves and things they find in the rainforest,too.

10. Pygmy woman • Pygmy man

12. Way of Life

13. Way of life • The people of the rainforest have learned how to use the plants and animals of the rainforest without harming it. They have taught us about many of the foods and medicines from the rainforest that we use today. Through thousands of years of living in the rainforest, rainforest people have adapted to the rainforest climate. They don't need to drink a lot of water because they get so much water in the foods they eat. Rainforest people sweat less than other people because the air is so full of moisture that sweating doesn't cool their bodies very well.

14. Way of Life • Their way of life is in danger because of the destruction of the rainforest that they live in. The government has tried to teach them how to farm, but the Mbuti don't want to change the way they live. What will happen to the Mbuti if the rainforest is completely cut down?

15. Education • Itis a pity that children of Pygmies, abandoned to themselves, fail to persevere in Public schools, during a whole year! Moreover, their lifestyle (Lack of clothes, their mobility related to their cultural dances) places them in a state of inferiority. They easily undergo the contempt of the other Bantus pupils that waters down their success.

16. Moreover, the mobility of the Pygmies for cultural dances, especially in the dry season and the period of fetching honey from the forest empty the village out! 

18. Family • When Pygmies abandon a forest lifestyle for the village, they lose access to herbal medical treatments and are often denied entry at local health centers, according to a May 2006 article in the British medical journal the Lancet. • In Enyellé, several Pygmy children showed signs of malnutrition - bloated stomachs, stick-thin arms and thin, discolored hair. A mother with a particularly sick boy said she had not taken him to the hospital because she had no money .

19. Family • Sometimes, the discrimination is blatant, such as the "torture device" human rights observers spotted near the town of Dongou, south of Enyellé, last year. Village leaders forced the feet of misbehaving Pygmies into two holes carved into a tree trunk. The Pygmies were hung upside down for hours under the hot sun, according to a report released by the human rights observers in June.

21. Bantu men have been accused of raping Pygmy women, the group reported. In the Lekoumou region of the Congo, a village chief told the human-rights group that Bantu men often brag about the rapes afterward, waving the victims' underwear through Pygmy neighborhoods. Other Pygmies interviewed said that rape by Bantus is widespread. • Culturaldifferences contribute to the Pygmies' second-class status. Because Pygmy women rarely deliver their babies in hospitals, their children do not receive identity cards under current Congolese law, and as a result, cannot enroll in school, vote or travel to other regions of the country.

22. Frederic Aimé Ibeaho, the director of the 259-student public school in Boyellé, said not a single Pygmy child attends his school, even though Pygmies are the majority in the village. • Their absence isn't only due to a lack of identity cards or money - tuition is less than $5 a year, which is expensive for many Pygmies, but not prohibitively so. Even village-dwelling Pygmies often disappear for months into the forest, especially during the honey season and the harvest of a particularly coveted species of caterpillar. Several parents said they never attended school themselves and didn't plan to enroll their children.

24. Quick Guide:Pygmies' struggle • Hunter-gatherers • Pygmies deep in the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo still live in traditional mud houses but their life is changing.

25. No census • Pygmies are believed to be the first inhabitants of the Congolese forests. • Some estimates put their population at 30,000, others say it is more like 150,000. No-one knows the exact figures, as Pygmies have never taken part in a census. • They cannot afford the hunting and fishing permits sometimes required by the local authority. • But they still fish in a tributary of the Congo River and sell their catch.

26. Husband left • Mbayo Ekota (left) is in her thirties, although she doesn’t know her exact age. • She was married when she was about 15 years old, and she has four children: two boys aged nine and 12; a three-year-old daughter and a new-born baby. Two other babies have died. • Mbayo’s husband has left home to look for employment in the neighbouring small town of Boteka, so her brother, who lives in the next door hut, helps out.

27. Palm oil jobs • The main employer of the region is Boteka’s palm oil factory owned by British company Unilever. • Most of the 1,000 employees are Pygmies, who work under supervision of their Bantu colleagues.

28. Slaves • Mbayo’s day starts with a one-kilometre walk to fetch water at a nearby river. • She then works to clear a field for 30 Congolese francs (7 US cents). Her children help out too, as there is not enough money to send them to school.

29. Hard labour • Theophile Mpenza (right), who owns the field, says he uses Pygmy labour because it is cheap. • "Only Pygmies accept to do such hard work for this pay. The work is too difficult for any Bantu to accept." • Because Pygmies have never taken part in any census they are not allowed to own land.

30. Track prey • These teenagers still use ancient techniques to go hunting. They use bows, arrows and machetes and are accompanied by a small dog to track the prey. • Here, they caught a small forest antelope, but they do not get to taste the meat as it is sold for money. • Nowadays, in this area, the Pygmies only get to eat fruits and manioc.

31. Dance • When Mbayo gets back home at the end of the afternoon, she cooks food and washes her children. • In the evening, families meet up to discuss the daily problems and sometimes dance to the sound of drums.

32. Poor health • This Pygmy community is poor and has no access to education and health care. • The infant mortality rate is over 30% in the villages of this area and most parents cannot buy medicine.

33. บรรณานุกรม • http://www.pygmies.info/index.html • http://www.afriquespoir.com/pygmeeswamba/eng/index.htm • http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/africa_pygmies0_struggle/print.stm

34. M e m b e r s 1. Parsinee Rungsarmarnwong No.11 2. SirinunLaowjunNo.14 3. Suphatra Nakpoom No.30 4. Chompatsorn Sae-ongNo.36 *******M. 6 / 3******