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The Third International Colloquium on Endocytobiology

The Third International Colloquium on Endocytobiology. June 10-12, 1986 The World Trade Center New York City. Meeting presided over by John J. Lee and Jerome F. Fredrick, both on the faculty at City University of New York

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The Third International Colloquium on Endocytobiology

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  1. The Third International Colloquium on Endocytobiology June 10-12, 1986 The World Trade Center New York City

  2. Meeting presided over by John J. Lee and Jerome F. Fredrick, both on the faculty at City University of New York • Presentations related to the interrelationships between living things: all types of symbioses Lee: 1933- Fredrick: 1926-1995

  3. Some Background on Endosymbiosis Endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria proposed much earlier.

  4. Endosymbiotic Origin of Eukaryotes Schimper (1883) and Mereschcowsky (1905) proposed that chloroplasts are cyanobacteria living inside plant cells Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper(1856-1901, Germany) KonstantinSergeevichMereschcowsky(1855-1921, Russia)

  5. Mereschcowsky, a lichenologist, rejected the importance of natural selection and explained evolutionary novelties by acquisition of bacteria through symbiosis. Mereschcowsky’s tree of life, 1910

  6. Ivan Emanuel Wallin • Rejected cytoplasmic origin of mitochondria • Considered them to be microbes living in the cytoplasm • Claimed to have cultured isolated mitochondria as proof of their microbial nature 1883-1969, USA

  7. Lynn Sagan (1967) • On the Origin of Mitosing Cells. J. Theoret. Biol. 14: 225-274. • Proposed the 9+2 basal body together with mitochondria and chloroplasts was an endosymbiotic microbe • Basal body from a spirochaete, a microbe that has multiple microbial flagella (microtubules of flagellin) between the two membranes. • Microtubular array extended inward makes spindle and outward becomes a flagellum • Basal bodies also function as centrioles

  8. Endosymbiosis established as a working theory by 1986. • Examples of symbiosis and endosymbiosis on program • Models of organisms that meet criteria for the endosymbiotic process (ex: Thermoplasma, an archean without a wall as a model for the nuclear host)

  9. Mixotrichaparadoxa • Trichomonad that inhabits gut of Australian termite. • Has two species of surface bacterial symbionts: spirochaetes provide locomotion and serve as de facto flagella • Internal mitochondria-like symbionts • Together with the nucleus and the genome of the hydrogenosome (H-producing ‘degenerate’ mitochondrion), they function together as 5 genomes.

  10. Frank Round (1927-2010, Britain) Proposal by Frank Round (1980). Endosymbiosis would make evolutionary history of eukaryotes impossible to determine

  11. Lynn (Sagan) Margulis (1938-2011, USA) • Scientific iconoclast • Founder of modern endosymbiotic theory • Co-Founder of Gaia Hypothesis • Chief apologist for the 5-kingdom system • After 2008 • AIDS due to syphilis • 9/11 conspiracy theorist Receiving National Medal of Science 2000

  12. F. J. R. Max Taylor Max F.J.R. Taylor (1939, South Africa and Canada); eukaryote created following endosymbiosis with mitochondrial bacterium. Further developed Margulis Endosymbiosis • Serial endosymbiotic theory (SET (1974-1990)) organelles are the result of successive engulfments…

  13. Taylor (1976) Ran counter to Margulis (1967) in that organisms without flagella were most primitive –the prevailing scientific view

  14. Thomas Cavalier-Smith • Proposed eukaryotes evolved gradually from bacteria which lost the wall and relied on cytoskeleton for cellular integrity • The internal microtubular array gave rise to flagella, mitotic spindles, etc. 1942- Britain; Professor emeritus, University of Oxford

  15. Cavalier-Smith (2010) Figure 3 from: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 365(1537): 111–132.

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