Trouble at Home and Abroad

1. Trouble at Home and Abroad Essential Question:How did the actions of Britain and France affect the United States?

2. Conflicts in the Northwest Territory • As a result of Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolution: • United States won vast territory north and west of the Ohio River to the Mississippi • British still had forts in region; they promised to withdraw within "reasonable" time • decade later British soldiers still in territory and supply Native Americans with guns and ammunition. • British hope to limit American settlement in the Northwest territory

3. A Struggle Over Lands • Native Americans wanted to keep their lands in the Northwest territory • They attacked many American settlements • Several Native Americans joined together to oppose settlement • Because of American belief of western expansion federal government tried to force Native Americans in the territories to sell their land

4. A Struggle Over Lands • By 1790, the United States had succeeded in buying Native American lands in Kentucky and in part of Tennessee. • North of Ohio River, Natives refuse to sell • Washington sent small force to end Native attacks on settlers • Little Turtle of the Miami Nation and Blue Jacket of the Shawnees defeated Washington's soldiers • Worst defeat ever suffered in battle with Native Americans

5. A Struggle Over Lands • Washington turned to War hero, General Anthony Wayne, to lead forces against Natives Americans • Wayne, would defeat Natives at the Battle of Fallen Timbers (August 1794) • Battle broke Native American hold on the Northwest • in 1795, Treaty of Greenville, leaders of defeated Natives American nations gave up most of their lands from the Ohio River in the south to Lake Erie in north.

6. The French Revolution • began in 1789 • Americans at first supported French revolutionaries • but revolution became controversial • french revolution was too violent • Reign of Terror- mid 1793 • French executed about 17,000 people including king and queen • Federalist saw revolutionaries as bloodthirsty • Republicans said some injustices were to be expected, in order for people to win their freedom.

7. The French Revolution • 1793 France and Britain at war • President Washington decided the US would remain neutral (not favoring either side in dispute) • US wanted to trade with both sides, France and Britain began stopping American ships and seizing cargoes. • British began the impressment of sailor on American ships (seizing sailors and forcing them to serve in British navy)

8. The French Revolution • Tension rose between US and Britain • Hamilton urged Washington to repair relations between Britain; Hamilton argued that American Prosperity depended on trade with Britain (75% American imports purchased and supplied 90% of American imports) • Washington sent John Jay with a treaty 1795

9. The French Revolution • Treaty Included: • pay debts long owed to British merchants • Britain agreed to pay for ships it had seized • also agreed to withdraw troops from Northwest territory and stop aiding Native Americans • refused to recognize a U.S. right to trade with France • Also refused to cease impressment • Treaty angered Republicans- claimed US gave away too much and gotten to little • Jay treaty won approval in Senate because of Federalist majority in Senate.

10. Washington Retires From Public Life • 1796 Washington published a letter to fellow Americans that became known as his farewell address • made two points • President warned against political divisions at home; feared violent division might tear nation apart • emphasized his beliefs that the United States must not get entangled in the affairs of Europe • At the end of his presidency • The US now had a functioning federal government • the economy was improving • Washington avoided war • The British had been forced to leave their forts in the Northwest Territory, and was now safe for settlement • but political divisions were still growing