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Why is a healthy nutritional environment important in primary and secondary schools?

Why is a healthy nutritional environment important in primary and secondary schools?. Tykisha West, MPH student Walden University PUBH 6165-2 Dr. Rebecca Heick Spring, 2010. Objective.

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Why is a healthy nutritional environment important in primary and secondary schools?

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  1. Why is a healthy nutritional environment important in primary and secondary schools? Tykisha West, MPH student Walden University PUBH 6165-2 Dr. Rebecca Heick Spring, 2010

  2. Objective • Educate the state board of education, teachers, students, and parents on the importance of nutrition in primary and secondary schools. • Promote environments that support physical activity and healthy eating. • Recommend community programs and messaging campaigns.

  3. Why is nutrition important? Children need good nutrition because their bodies are growing and developing. Their diets tend to be high in sugar and starch, depleting their bodies of essential nutrients required for optimal growth and energy.

  4. Why is nutrition needed? It promotes optimal childhood health, growth, and intellectual development Prevents immediate health problems (iron deficiency anemia, obesity, eating disorders, and dental caries ) (CDC. (1996, June 14). Guidelines for School Health Programs to Promote Lifelong Healthy Eating. MMWR, 45 (RR-9);1-33. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042446.htm )

  5. Why is nutrition needed? Cont. Prevent long-term health problems (coronary heart disease, cancer, and stroke) Can help children and adolescents attain full educational potential and good health by providing them with the skills, social support, and environmental reinforcement they need to adopt long-term, healthy eating behaviors. (CDC. ((1996, June 14). Guidelines for School Health Programs to Promote Lifelong Healthy Eating. MMWR, 45 (RR-9);1-33. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042446.htm )

  6. Iron Deficiency • Most common nutritional deficiency and the leading cause of anemia in the world • During critical times of growth and development iron deficiency can result in delayed growth and development, poor memory or poor cognitive skills, poor performance in school, work, military or in recreation, and lower IQs (Iron Disorder Institute. (2009). Iron Deficiency Anemia. Retrieved from http://www.irondisorders.org/iron-deficiency-anemia )

  7. Obesity • Obesity in children over the past 30 years has more than tripled. • Obesity is the result of caloric imbalance and is mediated by genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. • There are short-term and long-term health impacts from childhood obesity. (CDC. (2010, February 4). Childhood Obesity. Healthy Youth. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/obesity/

  8. Childhood Obesity Graph

  9. Diabetes • One of the most common chronic diseases among children in the United States. • About one in every 400 to 500 young people have diabetes. • More than 13,000 young people are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes each year. • Type 2 Diabetes. (CDC. (2007). Fact Sheet: Search for Diabetes in Youth. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/search.pdf )

  10. Coronary Heart Disease • Heart disease is not a major cause of death in children and teenagers but if not controlled at an early age it can cause death as an adult. • Risk Factors • High blood pressure • High cholesterol • Obesity • Smoking • Physical inactivity (Texas Heart Institute. ((2010, February). Heart Disease Risk Factors for Children and Teenagers. Retrieved from http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/hic/topics/hsmart/children_risk_factors.cfm)

  11. Cancer • The second leading cause of death after heart disease. • 100,000 cases of cancer are caused by obesity in the United States each year. • According to the American Institute of Cancer Research, too much body fat causes nearly half the cases of endometrial cancer and a third of esophageal cancers. (MSNBC. (2009, November 5). Obesity causes 100,000 U.S. Cancer Cases a Year. MSNBC. Retrieved from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33683092/ns/health-cancer/ )

  12. Childhood Strokes • If high cholesterol and other risk factors for heart disease are not controlled in children, it can cause adult strokes. • Childhood strokes are linked to: • Infections • Blood clotting disorders • Sickle cell disease • Genetic heart defects • Head or neck injuries (All Children’s Hospital. (2010, May). Childhood Strokes: More Common than Parents Know. Retrieved from http://www.allkids.org/body.cfm?id=412&action=detail&aeproductid=Greystone_ newsletter&aearticleid=239&AEArticleType=ForYourChild )

  13. Nutritional Guidelines • The U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services require that all kids eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. (Nemours. (2010). The Food Guide Pyramid. Kids Health. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_fit/nutrition/pyramid.html )

  14. Physical Activity Guidelines • USDA and HHS also think that kids should get at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise each day. (Nemours. (2010). The Food Guide Pyramid. Kids Health. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_fit/nutrition/pyramid.html

  15. Foods Not Recommended for School Food Services • Savory snack foods • Ice Creams and ice confections • Sweet pastries • Cakes • Muffins • Candy bars • Deep-fried foods • Sugar-sweetened drinks (2DEECD. (2009, June 26). Occasionally Category (Red) Foods. Retrieved from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.education.vic.gov.au/images/content/management/schooloperations/healthycanteen/occasionally.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.education.vic.gov.au/management/schooloperations/healthycanteen/policy/occasionally.htm&usg=__Hv1eee3zrfziUNUnhywotNaOeuE=&h=343&w=250&sz=20&hl=en&start=7&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=dQGXYBnF-gQAoM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=87&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bguidelines%2Bfor%2Bchildren%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26tbs%3Disch:1).

  16. Foods Recommended for School Food Services • Fruits • Vegetables • Breads and cereals, rice, pasta, noodles • Dairy foods (reduced or low-fat milk, yoghurt and cheese) • Lean meat and poultry, fish, eggs, nuts and legumes • Water (1DEECD. (2009, June 25). Everyday (Green) Foods. Retrieved from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.education.vic.gov.au/images/content/management/schooloperations/healthycanteen/everyday.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.education.vic.gov.au/management/schooloperations/healthycanteen/policy/everyday.htm&usg=__ayzvyZVWhH4yQLYiSsiWKVUV1Og=&h=359&w=250&sz=27&hl=en&start=9&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=fvYFzYDaN03NrM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=84&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bguidelines%2Bfor%2Bchildren%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26tbs%3Disch:1 )

  17. Typical vs. Nutritional TypicalNutritionalWhy it’s better • Beef bologna on white Lean turkey on whole wheat Less fat and more fiber • Mayonnaise Lettuce and mustard Less fat and fewer calories • Potato chips Carrots & celery with light Less fat and a serving dressing of vegetables • Fruit cup in light syrup Fresh grapes Less sugar and fewer calories • Chocolate sandwich Homemade trail mix Less fat and more fiber cookies • Fruit punch drink Skim milk Fewer calories, less sugar, plus calcium • 980 calories 725 calories 255 fewer calories • 48 g fat 13.5 g fat 34.5 fewer grams of fat • 13.5 g saturated fat 2.5 g saturated fat 11 fewer grams of saturated fat • 125 g carbohydrates 120 g carbohydrates 5 fewer grams of carbohydrates • 59 g sugar 52 g sugar 7 fewer grams of sugar • 3 g fiber 13 g fiber 10 more grams of fiber (Nemours. (2010). The Food Guide Pyramid. Kids Health. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_fit/nutrition/pyramid.html )

  18. Recommendations for Healthier Living • Make state efforts more consistently supportive of changes toward healthy eating and increased physical activity. • Allow the Department of Social Services to work with childcare facilities to monitor nutritional value of meals and physical activity. • Allow the Department of Education to provide better health education and physical activity programs in schools and provide improved nutritional options through food programs

  19. Recommendations for Healthier Living Cont. • Department of Parks and Recreation should consistently promote the use of state parks and recreational space • Department of Transportation should help to better improve pedestrian access, bike routes, and walking trails and reduce traffic congestion and encourage safer routes to schools • Ensure the governor and/or state agencies launch messaging campaigns to parents and children on healthy lifestyles

  20. Reference • All Children’s Hospital. (2010, May). Childhood Strokes: More Common than Parents Know. Retrieved from http://www.allkids.org/body.cfm?id=412&action=detail&aeproductid=Greystone_newsletter&aearticleid=239&AEArticleType=ForYourChild • CDC. (1996, June 14). Guidelines for School Health Programs to Promote Lifelong Healthy Eating. MMWR. 45(RR-9);1-33. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042446.htm

  21. Reference Cont. • CDC. (2007). Fact Sheet: Search for Diabetes in Youth. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/search.pdf • CDC. (2010, February 4). Childhood Obesity. Healthy Youth. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/obesity/ • Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. (2009, June 25). Everyday (Green) Foods. Retrieved from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.education.vic.gov.au/images/content/management/schooloperations/healthycanteen/everyday.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.education.vic.gov.au/management/schooloperations/healthycanteen/policy/everyday.htm&usg=__ayzvyZVWhH4yQLYiSsiWKVUV1Og=&h=359&w=250&sz=27&hl=en&start=9&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=fvYFzYDaN03NrM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=84&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bguidelines%2Bfor%2Bchildren%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26tbs%3Disch:1

  22. Reference Cont. • Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. (2009, June 26). Occasionally Category (Red) Foods. Retrieved from http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.education.vic.gov.au/images/content/management/schooloperations/healthycanteen/occasionally.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.education.vic.gov.au/management/schooloperations/healthycanteen/policy/occasionally.htm&usg=__Hv1eee3zrfziUNUnhywotNaOeuE=&h=343&w=250&sz=20&hl=en&start=7&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=dQGXYBnF-gQAoM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=87&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bguidelines%2Bfor%2Bchildren%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26tbs%3Disch:1

  23. Reference Cont. • Iron Disorder Institute. (2009). Iron Deficiency Anemia. Retrieved from http://www.irondisorders.org/iron-deficiency-anemia • MSNBC. (2009, November 5). Obesity causes 100,000 U.S. Cancer Cases a Year. MSNBC. Retrieved from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33683092/ns/health-cancer/ • Nemours. (2010). The Food Guide Pyramid. Kids Health. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_fit/nutrition/pyramid.html

  24. ReferenceCont. • Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., McDowell, M.A., Tabak, C.J., Flegal, K.M. (2006). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States. JAMA; 295, (13): 1549-1555 • Texas Heart Institute. (2010, February). Heart Disease Risk Factors for Children and Teenagers. Retrieved from http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/hic/topics/hsmart/children_risk_factors.cfm

  25. Sites for Additional Information • American Heart Association. (2010, April 24). Dietary Recommendations for Healthy Children. Retrieved April 12, 2010 from http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4575. This site provides recommendations forinfants, children and adolescents to promote cardiovascular health. • CDC. (2008, August 20). Make a Difference at Your School: Key Strategies to Prevent Obesity. Retrieved April 15, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/keystrategies/index.htm. This site outlines 10 evidence-based strategies for schools to implement in addressing childhood obesity.

  26. Sites for Additional Information Cont. • Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Interactive Menu Planner. Retrieved April 15, 2010 from http://hp2010.nhlbihin.net/menuplanner/menu.cgi. This site allows you to keep track of your daily food intake. • Food and Nutrition Services (2009). School Meals. Retrieved April 15, 2010 from http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/ . The site provides information on different school meal plans.

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