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Chief Justices of the United States

Chief Justices of the United States. Those who left the biggest imprint on Constitutional interpretation. John Marshall. John Adams appointed John Marshall . Marbury v. Madison, 1803. Established Judicial Review. Midnight Judges. McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819.

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Chief Justices of the United States

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  1. Chief Justices of the United States Those who left the biggest imprint on Constitutional interpretation

  2. John Marshall • John Adams appointed John Marshall

  3. Marbury v. Madison, 1803 • Established Judicial Review Midnight Judges

  4. McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 • Upheld the concept of Federalism & the Supremacy Clause Legislative Executive Judicial

  5. Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 • Upheld Congresses power to control interstate commerce

  6. Worcester v. Georgia, 1832 • Declared the Cherokee Nation as a distinct community occupying its own territory in which the laws of Georgia can have no force.

  7. Earl Warren • Dwight Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren

  8. Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, KS 1954 • Declared “separate-but-equal” to be inherently unequal in the case of public education

  9. Mapp v. Ohio, 1961 • More clearly defined the Exclusionary Rule stating that evidence obtained without a search warrant could not be used against the defendant.

  10. Baker v. Carr, 1962 • Kept gerrymandering illegal, ordering Tennessee to make U.S. Congressional districts as equal as possible due to population shifts.

  11. Engel v. Vitale, 1962 Court ruled that standard morning prayers in public schools violated the Establishment Clause of the 1st Amendment

  12. Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963 Court ruled that the right to counsel applied to all criminal cases.

  13. Westberry v. Sanders, 1964 Court established the one-man-one-vote rule. Again, upheld the illegality of gerrymandering

  14. Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S., 1964 Court ruled that Congress could order the desegregation of private businesses that may profit from interstate commerce.

  15. Griswold v. Connecticut, 1965 Court ruled that the marriage bedroom was a private place and the government had no business invading that privacy

  16. Miranda v. Arizona, 1966 Established the Miranda Rights which must be read to and understood by those accused of a crime prior to being questioned.

  17. In Re Gault, 1967 The Court ruled that juveniles have some of the same due process rights as adults

  18. Tinker v. Des Moines Indiana Community School District, 1969 Court ruled that schools could not interfere with a student’s freedom of expression as long as the expression did not interfere with instruction.

  19. Warren Burger Richard Nixon appointed Warren Burger

  20. Furman v. Georgia, 1972 Death penalty is deemed unconstitutional for Violating the 8th amendment.

  21. Roe v Wade, 1972 The Court declared state laws making abortions illegal to be unconstitutional.

  22. Miller v California, 1973 The Court ruled that “contemporary community standards” be used in judging what is obscene. Bible Belt VS.

  23. Gregg v Georgia, 1976 The Death Penalty was Justified as long as Certain steps were Followed prior to Issuing the penalty.

  24. Board of Regents University of California v. Bakke, 1978 The Court ruled that race should not be the only factor in making affirmative action decisions, but it can be considered.

  25. Lynch v Donnelly, 1984 The Court ruled that public displays of religious beliefs are permissible only if they are part of an otherwise nonreligious or multi-religious display.

  26. William H. Rehnquist Ronald Reagan appointed William Rehnquist

  27. Cruzan v Missouri, 1990 The Court upheld Missouri’s right to Keep Nancy Cruzan Alive on life support In spite of her Permanent vegetative state

  28. Hazelwood School District v Kuhlmeier, 1988 The Court stated, “a school need not tolerate student speech that is inconsistent with its basic educational mission, even though the government could not censor similar speech outside the school.”

  29. Bob Jones University v The United States, 1983

  30. New Jersey v T.L.O., 1985 School officials only Need “reasonable Suspicion” to search A student

  31. United States v Eichman, 1990 The Court declared the Flag Protection Act unconstitutional.

  32. Board of Education Westside Community Schools v Mergens, 1990 The Court upheld the Equal Access Clause from 1984.

  33. U.S. Term Limits v Thornton, 1995 The Court ruled that it was unconstitutional for Arkansas to limit the terms of U.S. Congressmen.

  34. United States v The American Library Association, 2003 The Court ruled in favor of public libraries being able to block internet accessibility to certain sites that might display questionable materials.

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