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Fungus Kingdom

Fungus Kingdom. Consumers and decomposers Can’t make own food Break down waste/ dead materials for food  return to soil. Traits. Cell wall More than 1 nucleus Size: 1 celled yeast  large, multicellular mushrooms Hyphae : threadlike structures that make up the bodies of most fungi.

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Fungus Kingdom

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  1. Fungus Kingdom • Consumers and decomposers • Can’t make own food • Break down waste/ dead materials for food  return to soil

  2. Traits • Cell wall • More than 1 nucleus • Size: 1 celled yeast  large, multicellular mushrooms • Hyphae: threadlike structures that make up the bodies of most fungi

  3. Hyphae • Contain cytoplasm divide by cross walls • Grow, branch, cover, digest food source fungus is growing on • Can reproduce from pieces of hyphae • Carried by wind or water

  4. Spores • Single cell used for reproduction • Classified by how they form spores • Microscopic • Mushroom/puffballs release clouds of spores (Figure 5-10c pg. 102)

  5. Great threat = fungal diseases • $$ protect crops w/ fungicides, develop new fungicides and develop new strains of crops

  6. Decomposers • Fungi grow on once-living things and decompose it, use it for food • Help break down dead materials and return it to soil • Digest food outside body • Hyphae release chemicals into material surrounding them

  7. Cont. • Chemicals break down food into small molecules • Hyphae absorb digested food

  8. Fungus secretes enzymes into its food • Enzymes breakdown large food molecules into small molecules to be absorbed by hyphae • After food is absorbed it travels to parts of the fungus

  9. Saprophyte • Organism that uses dead material for food

  10. Parasite • Feed on living things • Most grow on plants • Some parasites are fungi on animals

  11. Sporangium fungi: fungi that produce spores in sporangia • Sporangia: structures, found on the tips of hyphae, that make spores • Club Fungi: fungi w/ club shaped parts that produce spores

  12. Mushroom Parts • Stipe: stemlike part • Cap: top of mushroom, like umbrella • Gills: underside of cap; like ribs of umbrella • Club-shaped part: found on underside of gills, very small in size

  13. Sac Fungi • Produce spores in saclike structures • Budding: reproduction when a small part of the parent grows into a new organism • Bud grows out of parent • Offspring is identical to parent

  14. Sac Fungi • Useful to humans • Ex. Yeast- used for making bread and alcohol • Bad sac = Dutch elm disease

  15. Helpful Fungi • Yeast (alcohol, bread) • Used to make food (mushrooms), soy sauce, blue/Roquefort cheese, penicillin/other antibiotics • Break down materials/ get rid of waste • Enrich soil

  16. Harmful Fungi • Causes food to spoil • Plant diseases = rusts, smuts, mildew, Dutch elm disease • Human diseases = athlete’s foot, ringworm, thrush, lung infections • Destroy leather, fabrics, plastics

  17. Mutualism: living arrangement in which the things living together benfit • Lichen: fungus and organism w/ chlorophyll that live together • Looks like single organism, but is not • Ex. British soldier and reindeer moss

  18. Chlorophyll Provides food for fungus Fungus Provides support and holds water/ minerals for the other organism Roles

  19. Lichens • Unusual living arrangement =living where few others can’t • Sensitive to environment changes

  20. Lichens cont. • Not easily separated; tangled • Reproduce by fragmentation: small pieces break off and blow away • Live on bare rocks, trees, Arctic ice • Provide food for some animals • Release acids, break down rock. Broken rock + dead lichens = soil

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