World War I: The Great War 1914-1918

1. World War I: The Great War 1914-1918 Chapter 27 Objectives: SWBAT explain the immediate causes of WWI. SWBAT explain how European alliances led to the involvement of various nations is the war. DO NOW: Take out HW… Answer: List three things you learned about WWI from your reading. Write down one question that you have about WWI.

5. Causes of WWI • Imperialism • Nations under the control of various empires (Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire) want autonomy (independence) • Nationalism • People increasingly identify themselves on the basis of nationality • Nations want their own sovereign countries • Militarism • Due to imperialism, nations build up their armies, navies • Has a “snowball” effect…. Competition for “bigger guns” • Tangle of Alliances • European nations have numerous treaties with each other • Balance of power is held by few powerful nations/ empires

6. GavriloPrincip Serbian Nationalist Black Hand group Franz FerdinandArchduke of Austria-HungaryHeir to the throne

7. Nicky-Willy Telegrams Nicky & Willy telegrams

8. The War Begins….

9. The 2 Sides: • Central Powers • Germany • Austria – Hungary • Bulgaria • Ottoman Empire Allies • Serbia • Russia • Great Britain • France • Italy (decides not to honor its Triple Alliance agreement with Germany and Austria) • Japan • United States

10. The Schaeffer Plan • Western Front: Western Front Animated Map

11. 35 Nations eventually join in the Great War

12. Life in the Trenches&Modern Warfare Play video: Life in the trenches

13. Documents populations affected • Populations documents

14. Homework: Chapter 27, Section 2: Complete All Section Review Questions.

15. World War I: Balkans, Ottoman Empire, United States • SWBAT identify the reasons for Japan’s, Ottoman Empire’s and the United States’ entries into WW I. DO NOW: Copy topic and objective.

16. The Balkans Central Powers • Bulgaria Allied Powers • Serbia • Italy (secret treaty)

17. German colonial possessions

18. Taking Sides….. Japan: Allies • Seizes German outposts in China and Pacific Islands Ottoman Empire: Central Powers • Sees Russia as a threat • Dardanelles strait • Battle of Gallipolli • 10 months • 200,000 casualties • Middle East: Arab nationalist revolts • Britain’s T.E. Lawrence aids Husaynibn Ali

21. United States • Policy of Neutrality • 1917 U.S. Declares War on Germany • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • Lusitania, 128 Americans killed • Zimmerman Note • Telegram to Mexico • In return for help, Germany to help Mexico reconquer territories lost in the Mexican-American War • Telegram intercepted by the British • Woodrow Wilson • “a war to end war”, “to make the world safe for democracy”

22. War comes to an end…. Russia: revolution forces Nicolas II to abdicate • V.I. Lenin comes to power • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk withdraws Russia from war Western Front: March 1918, last attempt at victory • German offensive exhausts forces • Germany: citizens force Kaiser Wilhelm II to step down • Austria-Hungary: nationalist revolts, empire crumbles

23. Paris Peace Conference &The Treaty of Versailles • U.S., Great Britain, France • Wilson’s 14 Points and self-determination: • Eastern & Southern Europe, Ottoman Empire, colonies • Territorial concerns (borders) (to be discussed in detail at a later date) • League of Nations • Goal: collective security • No secret treaties • Treaty of Versailles: • Places blame for war on Germany • Reparations = $30 billion (destruction, pensions, etc.) • Limited size of military • Alsace & Lorraine returned to France NOVEMBER 11: ARMISTICE SIGNED

24. Closing: Journals President Wilson said that the U.S. would enter WWI to fight for the spread of democracy. Do you think that this is a good justification for fighting a war? Are there legitimate justifications for fighting wars OR is war never justified ? Minimum 3 full paragraphs.

25. HOMEWORK: • What is genocide? • How many genocides have taken place throughout history? • What is the total number of people who were killed as a result of genocide?

26. WW I: Impact of the War Objectives: • SWBAT explain how WWI impacted the world’s economic and political systems. • SWBAT discuss whether the Treaty of Versailles adequately addresses the problems that led to the war in Europe.

27. Impact of the War: • Total War: • Affects all aspects of society • Draft, forced civilian labor, setting of prices, strikes forbidden • Men to the front; women to work • Propaganda: posters, etc. used to gain support for war • Economics: • Economies reorganized to meet demands of the war • France: • lost 20,000 factories, 300,000 homes, 1,360,000 livestock, thousands of acres of forests and farms • More than ½ of all 20-34 year old males dead • Debt • Influenza Pandemic (1918) • 20 million dead

28. Solutions:

29. Primary / Secondary Documents Activity: • In your assigned groups, view the provided documents and/or images. • Answer the provided questions. • Discuss your answers. • Prepare to “teach” what you’ve learned to your “home group”. • Topics: military technology, human experiences & literature, propaganda, Armenian genocide, Wilson’s 14 points

30. World War I: World after the War Objectives: • SWBAT explain how European and Middle Eastern borders changed post-WWI. • SWBAT explain how the newly established borders contributed to future conflicts.

31. Europe: Restoration of Borders • Austria-Hungary: splits, loses land • Germany: • loses land to Poland, Belgium • Loses Alsace & Lorraine to France

32. Ottoman Empire & Middle East • Ottoman Empire: • loses land (Armenia, Iraq, Syria) • Turkey established • Mandates established in the Middle East • Palestine *** • Mesopotamia (Iraq) • Iraq Petroleum Company • Syria • Lebanon

33. Mandates in the colonies • Mandates and protectorates established in former German colonies in Africa