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Crisis Intervention Training

Crisis Intervention Training. Intermediate CIT Course Number 3841 Texas Commission on Law Enforcement Officer Standards and Education. Unit Goal 1.1. To develop a basic understanding and respect for the fundamental rights of and proficiency in interacting with people with mental illness.

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Crisis Intervention Training

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  1. Crisis Intervention Training Intermediate CIT Course Number 3841 Texas Commission on Law Enforcement Officer Standards and Education

  2. Unit Goal 1.1. • To develop a basic understanding and respect for the fundamental rights of and proficiency in interacting with people with mental illness.

  3. Top Cop Video (View ‘Top Cop’ video from “Train the Trainer” course materials

  4. 1.1.1. • Discuss the impetus for crisis intervention training and why it is so important to the law enforcement community.

  5. Origin of the Training • Memphis (TN) officers shot and killed a 26-year-old male who was cutting himself with a knife and threatening suicide • The public outcry in the aftermath of the shooting caused the mayor to establish a task force

  6. Origin of the Training • Crisis Intervention Training (CIT) was created -Practitioner Perspective -Bureau of Justice Assistance July 2000

  7. Similar Situations Today • “The San Francisco Police Commission approved a $500,000 legal settlement with the family of a mentally disturbed man who was shot and killed in 2001 by police as he waved a knife at them in a theater.” — Jaxon Van Derbeken — San Francisco Chronicle June 5, 2003

  8. Similar Situations Today • “The fatal shooting of a mentally ill man on Thursday marked the third time in six months that Philadelphia police have used deadly force to subdue an unruly person in need of psychiatric help.” “Police Shootings of Mentally Ill Show Training Needed” www.HealthyPlace.com February 21, 2004

  9. Similar Situations Today • “The Miami-Dade police department in southern Florida began sending every officer to a two-day class entitled ‘Managing Encounters with the Mentally Ill’ … after officers killed a 19-year-old man suffering from bipolar disorder.” “Police Shootings of Mentally Ill Show Training Needed” —www.HealthyPlace.com — February 21, 2004

  10. Similar Situations Today • “A 16-year Austin police officer used deadly force Tuesday morning, killing an east Austin woman as she apparently tried to attack a housing manager with a butcher knife. … within moments of the shooting, east Austin residents were questioning whether the woman’s death could have been avoided.” —www.news8austin.com — Incident occurred in 2002

  11. Similar Situations Today • The treatment advocacy center in Washington, D.C. reported that people with psychiatric disabilities are four times as likely to die in encounters with police as members of the general population. — Treatment Advocacy Center Washington DC

  12. Headlines… “Crisis Skills Advised for Local Police” “Report: Grand jury finds that most fatal shootings by law enforcement officers in last decade involved a mentally ill person” — Los Angeles Times — Ventura County Edition — February 27, 2002

  13. Headlines… “Training urged after police shooting” “The weekend death of a mentally disabled man shot by a Miami-Dade police officer… department to offer its officers more intensive training.” — The Miami Herald — Herald.com — Posted Thursday, October 28, 2004

  14. 1.1.2. • Recognize the community mindset as it relates to the mentally ill’s relationship with law enforcement personnel

  15. Community Mindset • Individuals with mental illness are traditionally not hardened criminals and should not be treated as such. Law enforcement should respond differently to individuals in mental health crises. Force, in these situations, is highly scrutinized.

  16. The Problem • Re-occurring situations in which law enforcement uses deadly force during encounters with individuals in serious mental health crisis

  17. Aspects of the Problem • “There is no question that law enforcement officers are increasingly the ones responding to people with mental illnesses who are in crisis.” — Treatment Advocacy Center Briefing Paper — www.psychlaws.org — 10/2004

  18. Results • Lawsuits/Liability • Lack of trust/confidence in law enforcement by mental health consumers and their families • Frustration of law enforcement due to uncertainty of how to handle these calls

  19. Analysis of the Problem • Lack of education/understanding of mental illness by law enforcement • The same physical, authoritative, command tactics employed to take a criminal suspect into custody are used in responses to individuals in mental health crises

  20. Analysis… • Individuals with mental illness are traditionally not hardened criminals. • The public views these individuals as ill, not criminal. The public expects law enforcement personnel to help not hurt.

  21. Analysis… • An analysis of 1439 CIT calls revealed that only 1% of the individuals in a mental health crisis were arrested. • Of the remaining 99% of the incidents, no crime or a petty class C crime was committed without arrest. Houston Police Department 2004 2004

  22. Analysis… • Response to individuals in a mental health crisis constitutes a more refined usage of the officer’s expertise in communication. • “If police perform their role effectively, our society benefits immeasurably; if the police perform their role poorly, the damage to public confidence and democratic principles can be irreparable.” (Louis/Resendez, 1997)

  23. The Responses: 3 Models CIT • Police-based specialized police response (CIT) • Police-based specialized mental health response • Mental-health-based specialized mental health response

  24. 1.1.3 • Illustrate the paradox of Crisis Intervention Training for the law enforcement officer.

  25. The Paradox • By taking a less physical, less authoritative, less controlling, less confrontational approach the officer usually has more authority and control over the person in a mental health crisis.

  26. Police Magazine (March 2000) • “The essential difference between suspect encounter training, that officers traditionally receive, and how to approach the mentally ill is the need to be non-confrontational. Such a requirement to, in effect, switch gears is diametrically opposed to the way officers are routinely expected to control conflict.”

  27. Police Magazine (March 2000) • “The same command techniques that are employed to take a criminal suspect into custody can only service to escalate a contact with the mentally ill into violence.”

  28. 1.1.4. • Explain Crisis Intervention’s role in Officer Safety Safety

  29. CIT Model • “CIT has been shown to positively impact officer perceptions, decrease the need for higher levels of police intervention, decrease officer injuries, and re-direct those in crisis from the criminal justice to the health care system.” Randolph Dupont, PhD. and Sam Cochran, MS J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 28:338-44, 2000

  30. This Training… • Is officer safety training that is proven to help keep YOU and the mentally ill consumer safe. • Is NOT in conflict with any tactical training you have received • Instills confidence in officers regarding their ability to handle crisis situations

  31. This Training… • Is proven to be effective in helping you verbally de-escalate these situations • Reduces lawsuits • Is designed for calls involving individuals with mental illness but is applicable in many other areas of law enforcement

  32. This Training… • Is one more tool to add to your tool belt, one more skill to add to your repertoire of skills.

  33. Officer Safety • The Phoenix, Arizona Police Department reported that CIT training increased their officer safety by 70% — Phoenix Police Department 2004

  34. Safety… • FBI statistics state that mentally ill consumers are no more prone to violence than any other area of the population. • HOWEVER, the variables (mental instability, high emotions, possible paranoia/delusions and substance abuse) can be very dangerous if not handled appropriately.

  35. Safety… • When a person feels cornered, especially if psychotic, chances are high their response would be violent. • In crisis, reason takes a back seat to emotion.

  36. Law Enforcement Policy Center • “It is helpful for officers to understand the symptomatic behavior of persons who are afflicted with a form of mental illness. In this way, officers are in a better position to formulate appropriate strategies for gaining the individual’s compliance.”

  37. Law Enforcement Policy Center • “Officers should first take time, if possible, to survey the situation in order to gather necessary information and avoid hasty and potentially counterproductive decisions and actions.”

  38. Law Enforcement Policy Center • “Officers should avoid approaching the subject until a degree of rapport has been developed.” • “All attempts should be used to communicate with the person first by allowing him to ventilate.”

  39. Police Ex. Research Forum • “Do not rush the person or crowd his personal space. Any attempt to force an issue may quickly backfire in the form of violence.” • “He may be waving his fists, or a knife, or yelling. If the situation is secure, and if no one can be accidentally harmed by the individual, you should adopt a non-confrontational stance with the subject.”

  40. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin • What is considered an area of specialized training may soon become standard training curriculum • Law enforcement agencies must identify methods to safeguard their officers while, at the same time, protecting Consumers from themselves and others — July 2004 Issue

  41. Akron (OH) Delray Beach (FL) Ft. Wayne (IN) Houston (TX) Jackson County (MO) Kansas City (MO) Albuquerque (NM) Arlington (TX) Athens-Clarke County (GA) Austin (TX) Knoxville (TN) Minneapolis (MN) Montgomery County (MD) New London (CT) San Jose (CA) Seattle (WA) Lee’s Summit (MO) Lincoln (NE) Little Rock (AR) Memphis (TN) CIT Programs Nationally

  42. Additionally, this training… • Instills confidence in the community regarding officers’ ability to handle crisis situations • Brings law enforcement and mental health together

  43. However, this training • Is not infallible… but is proven to be highly effective

  44. Force • Force may be needed, even deadly force • It should be used as a last resort • It will be highly scrutinized • If force is used, most people will respond in kind, especially in these situations

  45. Force • Remember, in many instances the person has committed no crime • You will fare much better if you can demonstrate you attempted to use other tactics before using deadly force

  46. 1.1.5. • Identify the parameters of an officer’s qualification after receiving this training.

  47. This training… • Does not make you a therapist. Understand your professional boundaries.

  48. No CIT (View ‘Psychosis I’ video from “Train the Trainer” resource material)

  49. After CIT (View ‘Psychosis 2’ video from “Train the Trainer” resource material)

  50. Unit Goal: 2.1. • To sensitize the student to the adversity of mental illness.

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