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Computer Visualization. BIM Curriculum 0 3. Topics. History Computer Visualization Methods Visualization Workflow Technology Background. Technology Timeline. 1960. 1970. 1980. 1990. 2000. „Computer Graphics” term used first. JPEG/MPEG. CAD for PC. Commercial 3D CAD. Radiosity.
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Computer Visualization BIM Curriculum 03
Topics • History • Computer Visualization Methods • Visualization Workflow • Technology Background
Technology Timeline 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 „Computer Graphics” term used first JPEG/MPEG CAD for PC Commercial 3D CAD Radiosity First Video Game Mouse invented Hidden Line Algorithm Gouraud Shading Phong Shading Bump mapping Ray Tracing Adobe Photoshop QuickTime / OpenGL VRML XML http://accad.osu.edu/~waynec/history/timeline.html
Visualization Techniques • Photorealistic images (rendering) • Artistic images • Fly through animations • Sun studies • Virtual Reality (VR) NHS office complex by paastudio
Standard BIM Visualization Workflow BIM APPLICATION Images Rendering Engine BIM Model Animations Animation Tool VR Engine VR
Complex Visualization Workflow External Rendering Application External Image-editing Application Images BIM APPLICATION External Animation Application External Movie-editing Application Animations BIM Model External VR Application VR
Photorendering Objective: Creating photorealistic images based on the BIM model using an internal or external rendering engine Process: • Modeling • Scene layout setup • Rendering NHS office complex by paastudio
Scene Layout Setup • Adjusting the materials • Texture positioning • Color adjustment • Shininess • Bump mapping, transparency • Light Settings • General light • Sun light • Brightener lights • Placing Cameras • Positioning • Camera angles
Computer Shading Techniques Flat Shading Shades each polygon of an object based on the angle between the polygon's surface normal and the direction of the light source Gouraud Shading Simulates the differing effects of light and color across the surface of an object Phong Shading improved version of Gouraud shading that provides a better approximation of light and color http://www.wikipedia.org/
Computer Rendering Techniques Ray Tracing is a general technique of studying the path taken by light by following rays of light as they interact with optical surfaces simulate light reflecting only once off each surface Radiosity is a global illumination algorithm that simulate the many reflections of light around a scene, generally resulting in softer, more natural shadows and reflections then Ray Tracing http://www.wikipedia.org/
Advanced Rendering Techniques Texture mapping Wrapping a texture image onto a surface to create a realistic representation Bump mapping Similar to texture mapping but the map image adds roughness to the model Depth of Field Objects appear blurry when too far in front of or behind the object in focus http://www.wikipedia.org/
Non-photorealistic Renderings Objective: Creating artistic style images based on the BIM model using special rendering engine and/or photo editing software Process A: • Modeling • Scene layout setup • Non-Photorealistic Rendering Process B: • Modeling • Scene layout setup • Photorealistic Rendering • Modifying the image in a photo-editing software NHS office complex by paastudio
Non-photorealistic Renderings • Artistic rendering applications support various painting styles: • Pencil • Ink • Ball-Pen • Water-colour • Oil-colours Images were made with Piranesi software from Informatix
Fly Through Animations Objective: Creating movies of the building along a predefined camera path, based on the BIM model, using internal or external animation tools Workflow • Modeling • Scene layout setup • Defining camera path • Movie calculation
Animation Basics • Animation is the optical illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static elements. • In computer animations each frame of the movie is produced individually by a computer software. • When the frames are strung together there is an illusion of continuous movement • Typical Frame rates are 12-25 frames per second http://www.wikipedia.org/
Sun Studies The sun study is a special type of computer animation. The objective of making sun studies is to visualize the natural lighting conditions on a given location of the building at a particular day of the year. Unlike in fly through animations the camera position is fixed while the sun location is continuously changing Workflow • Modeling • Scene layout setup • Day settings • Sun study calculation
Virtual Reality (VR) • Virtual Reality (VR) is an environment that is simulated by a computer. • Most virtual reality environments are primarily for visual purposes • VR-s provide more freedom for the users in exploring the building then pre-recorded animations Workflow • Modeling • Scene layout setup • VR camera settings • VR calculation
QuickTime VR QuickTime VR is a type of interactive movie supported by Apple's QuickTime file format. QTVRs can be "stitched" together from several normal photographs, or captured with specialized panoramic cameras, or rendered from 3D-modelled scenes. There are two types of QuickTime VR-s: QuickTime VR (QTVR) Panoramas are panoramic images which surround the viewer with an environment (inside, looking out), providing a sense of place. QuickTime VR (QTVR) Objects are captured from many locations pointing in toward the same central object.
