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History of Education: After the Civil War

History of Education: After the Civil War. Chapter 5B - Foundations. Native American Education. 1864 – the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was established Assimilation was the goal at off-reservation boarding schools. 1924 – Citizenship Act made Native Americans US citizens

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History of Education: After the Civil War

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  1. History of Education: After the Civil War Chapter 5B - Foundations

  2. Native American Education • 1864 – the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was established • Assimilation was the goal at off-reservation boarding schools • 1924 – Citizenship Act made Native Americans US citizens • 30s & 40s – reservation schools were established to teach culture

  3. Native American Education(continued) • 1975 - the Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act • - below national norms for High Schools Graduates and College Degrees, so used this act to try to improve numbers of graduates/college degrees

  4. European American Education • 1800 – 1924: many immigrants from southern, central, and eastern Europe • 30s and 40s: many immigrants from Italy and Germany(escaped from Totalitarian Regime) • 50s: immigrants were mostly Holocaust survivors * Educational goalsfor these people were for basic education and assimilation

  5. African American Education • After the Civil War, education occurred • in churches by ministers(A.M.E. – African Methodist Episcopal Church) • In schools run by “Yankee School Marms” – women teachers from the North • 1934 - NAACP formed: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

  6. Famous African American Educators • Booker T. Washington • Principal at Tuskegee Institute • Advocated vocational/industrial education to better oneself • Presented a model for educating African Americans

  7. Famous African American Educators • W.E.B. DuBois • Doctorate in sociology from Harvard • Criticized Booker T. Washington • Advocated increased academics and political activism • Helped to start the Civil Rights Movement

  8. Famous African American Educators • Mary McLeod Bethune • Founded Normal School for African American Girls in 1904 • Served in Presidents’ Administration: FDR & Truman • Thought upward mobility gained by practical training • Political Activist

  9. Famous Court Cases ~ Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - Supreme Court ruled: public facilities could be separate, but equal - legalized school segregation ~ Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) - Supreme Court ruled: segregation of students by race is unconstitutional > education must be available to all on equal terms

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