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September ,2012

Introduction to Web Browsers and Basic Search Strategies Using Search Engines. September ,2012. Outline. History (WWW & Internet) Search tools Search Engines vs. Subject Directory Meta search Engines Steps for Searching Effective Strategies Narrow or broaden a search? Wildcards.

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September ,2012

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  1. Introduction to Web Browsers and Basic Search Strategies Using Search Engines September ,2012 Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  2. Outline • History (WWW & Internet) • Search tools • Search Engines vs. Subject Directory • Meta search Engines • Steps for Searching • Effective Strategies • Narrow or broaden a search? • Wildcards Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  3. Internet History • Internet made up of thousands of networks worldwide • No one in charge of Internet - No governing body • Internet backbone owned by private companies Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  4. Looking at the Net • Taken from: http://www.cio.com/WebMaster/sem2_net.html Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  5. Understanding the Map • Computers use TCP/IP to communicate (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) • Computers use client/server architecture Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  6. Internet Providers: • Research and Educational Institutions • Government and Military Entities • Businesses • Private Organizations • Commercial Providers Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  7. Internet Protocols • Email (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) • Telnet (Login to remote host computer) • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - transfers files between server and client • HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  8. History • WWW or Web or W3 includes all information, text, images, audio, video, and computational services that are accessible from the internet • July 8, 1999 Nature - approximately 800 million pages of publicly accessible information(1) • Web continues to grow, tripling in size over the past two years(2) • (1) Steve Lawrence & C. Lee Giles, “Accessibility of Information on the Web,” Nature 400 (July 8, 1999), 107 • (2) OCLC Office of Research, “June 1999 Web Statistics” Web Characterization Project Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  9. WWW • System of Internet servers that support hypertext to access several Internet protocols on a single interface • Almost all protocols accessible on Internet are accessible on web (email - FTP - Telnet - etc) • In addition, WWW own protocol: HyperText Transfer Protocol Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  10. HTTP • Hypertext - means of information retreival • Contains links that connect to other documents • Links selected by user • Virtual “web” of connections Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  11. HTTP (cont) • Produce HTTP through HTML • HyperText Markup Language • Way of writing or creating with “tags” added to tell information • i.e. <b> Bold </b> yields Bold Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  12. More History • Internet initially conceived in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN (European Particle Physics Lab in Switzerland) • Needed a wide variety of information to be shared and distributed to many different computers and platforms • “Universal readership” Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  13. Web Popular Because: • Easy to use • Easy to navigate • Combines words, graphics, sound, video • Easy to Publish • Plethora of information • Reach larger audience Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  14. Summary: Web vs. Internet • What is the relationship between the web and the Internet? • The Internet contains physical components • computers • networks • services Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  15. Web vs. Internet • The Internet connects thousands of computers across the world, but it is the web that allows communication to occur • Web - abstraction and common set of services on top of the Internet • Web - set of protocols and tools that let us share information with each other Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  16. middle • Question and comment Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  17. Directed Search Strategies Search Engines Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  18. How Do I Find Information on the Internet? • Join an email discussion or USENET newsgroup • Go directly to a site if you have the address • Browse • Explore subject directory • Conduct Search Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  19. How Does Information Get Indexed by the Search Tools • A publisher of a web page can register the site with the search engine or directory • Database collects data autonomously Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  20. Browsers • Netscape Navigator (Communicator) • Product of Netscape (Now owned by AOL) • Originally was dominant and Multi-platform (all OS) • Internet Explorer • Product of Microsoft • Current Dominant Browser • Not available for all operating systems • Browser compatibility problems can cause web page problems Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  21. Netscape Search Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  22. Netscape Search • 1: Access to different search engines • 2. Type words or phrases into text entry box • 3. Click Button • 4. Preserve favorite search engine Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  23. Internet Explorer Search • Separate Panel In Browser • Uses MicroSoft Network search Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  24. Internet Explorer Search • Direct access to only Microsoft Network’s search engines • Allows easy access to different types of search • Web pages • People • Businesses • Maps Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  25. Internet Keywords • Type straight in location bar of Netscape/Explorer • Simple words instead of URL (uniform resource location) • Words tie to websites • Can be tied to language preference • Example: Typing in maryland converts to http://www.state.md.us/ Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  26. Know your URL’s • “Address” of a file on the Internet • Contains type of protocol followed by the computer name, directory and file name • Examples • http://www.capecod.net/Wixon/wixon.htm • gopher://gopher.boombox.micro/ • ftp:// wuarchive.wustl.edu/pub/windows/psp3.zip • mailto:kschrock@capecod.net Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  27. Anatomy of a Web Address • protocol://host/path/filename See handout “Anatomy of a Web Address” Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  28. Two Basic Approaches to Searching(although not really “basic”) • Search Engines • Subject Directories Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  29. Search Engines vs. Directories Search Engines • Computer built index of information on web • More inclusive • Used to find specific resources • Searchable by keyword • Excessive “hits” • Every page of a Website is indexed • Better for general searches, but can be used to find specific information Directories • Human aided, organized list • May be general or subject-specific • May be able to “search” directory • Google - general • NetTech Educational Technology Coordinator Website - subject specific • User has control of browsing • Fixed vocabulary • Links go to Website home pages only • Better at general searches Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  30. What are Search Engines? • Designed to assist you in searching through the enormous amount of information on the Web • No single search tool has everything • Each engine is a large database which utilizes different search techniques and tools (spiders or robots) to build indexes to the Internet (some also utilize submissions and administration) Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  31. Which Search Engine? • Yahoo • Altavista • Excite • Google and the Microsoft bing • NorthernLights • Hotbot • Infoseek • msn Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  32. How to Choose Consider • Size of the database (# of URLs) • Currency of the database (updates) • Search interface • Help screens • Search features • Results listed (# of documents retrieved) • Relevance of results Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  33. More About Search Engines • Searches for matching terms (keywords or several keywords) • Results “ranked” by relevancy (for some) • Can search by • subject or category • keyword • Learn about each search engine’s description, options, and rules and restrictions Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  34. GO TO http://www.google.com/help.html Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  35. Searches for exact matches • Try different versions of your search term • Example: “sheraton hotel” vs. “sheraton addis hotel” • Rephrase query • Example: “cheap plane tickets” vs. “cheap airplane tickets” Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  36. Automatically places “and” between words (expands search) • To reduce search – • add more terms in original search • refine search within the current search results. (adding terms to first words will return a subset of the original query) • Exclude a word by using a – sign • Example: to search bass but not speaker  bass –speaker • Does not support “or” operator • Does not support “stemming” or “wildcard” searches • Not case sensitive Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  37. Finds street maps • Just enter a U.S. street address, including zip code or city/state into the search box • Check this thing for Addis Ababa around MUDC • Google recognizes query as a map request Try your address Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  38. Phrase Searches and Connectors • Phrase Searches are useful when searching for famous sayings or specific names “Gone with the Wind” • Phrase Connectors are recognized • Hyphens • Slashes • Periods • Equal signs • Apostrophes • Example: mother-in-law Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  39. Set Browser Settings • Internet Option • IE Option • Google chrome option • Firefox option Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

  40. Finally • Question and Feedback You welcome Compiled By:- Solomon W. Demissie

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