Bahçeşehir University Social Science Institutions Ph D. Business Program Management & Organization

1. Bahçeşehir University Social Science Institutions Ph D. Business Program Management & Organization Organizational Theory Prof. Dr. Atilla DİCLE Reform Through Changes in Organizational Culture Prep. by: İlhan ÇİFTÇİ 21 December 2009

2. Evolution Of Management Thought 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 2000 Contingency theory Systematic management Administrative management Quantitative management Systems theory Current and future revolutions Human relations Organizational behavior Scientific management Bureaucracy Classical Approaches Contemporary Approaches

3. Reform Through Changes in Organizational Culture • William G. Ouchi • Thomas J. Peters & Robert H. Waterman Jr. • Peter M. Senge • Joan Acker • Vice President Al Core • Taylor Cox Jr. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

4. The Z Organization The origin of the William Ouchi was Japan and affected by American management system. Thats, why The Organizaition is an amalgam of Japan and American management system. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

5. The Z Organization 13 step must be implemented for successful Z Organization Step 1: To understand Z organization structure Step 2: To determine organization philosophy Step 3: To determine adopted and expected management philosophy Step 4: To set organization to new management idea occur Step 5 : To improve employees skills and abilities Step 6: To control implemented management philosophy and management Step 7: To develop coorperation with trade unions Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

6. The Z Organization 13 step must be implemented for successful Z Organization (cnt’d) Step 8: To set and appply stable decisions for employment structure Step 9: To think going concern and to provide development and progress of the organization Step 10: To provide employees career opportunities Step 11: To change in organization must be started the top. (Top – down) Step 12: To participate employees comments and suggestions for decision making process Step 13: To integrate all level of employees. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

7. The Z Organization Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

8. The Fifth Discipline: A shift of Mind The Fifth Discipline is an essential struture of Learning Organization. These discipline are: • Systems Thinking • Personal Mastery • Mental Models • Building Shared Vision • Team Learning Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

9. The Fifth Discipline: A shift of Mind System Thinking: Due to the organizational environment is to complex, decisions for entity’s system should be taken wholly. Decisions which are taken in accordance to part of the organization can not be added benefit. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

10. The Fifth Discipline: A shift of Mind Personnel Mastery People have personel mastery, to show all attention and care on their job. The leraning desire of an organization can not be more than a profession. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

11. The Fifth Discipline: A shift of Mind Mental Models Changing environment should be implemented to entity’s operations. invariant patterns can lead to failure. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

12. The Fifth Discipline: A shift of Mind Building Shared Vision The organization objective should be accepted by all of the employees. This means, everyone wants to reach common target provides with belief. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

13. The Fifth Discipline: A shift of Mind Team Learning Team oriented working results pass the individual outcomes mostly. The democratic and fair environment is the way of team successful. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

14. Gendering Organizational Theory Genders refers to patterned, socially produced distinctions between female and male, feminine and masculine. Gendered process and practices may be open and overt, as when managers choose only men or only women for certain positions or when sexual jokes denigrating women are part of the work culture. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

15. Gendering Organizational Theory On the other hand, gender may be deeply hidden in organizational process and decisions that appear to have nothing to do with gender. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

16. Gendering Organizational Theory Elements in a Theory of Gendered Organizations It is comprised 4 steps • Production of Gender Division • The creation of symbols, images and forms of consiousness that explicate, justify, and more rarely oppose gender divisions. • To reproduce gendered organizations are interactions between individuals, women and men, women and women, men and men, in the multiplicity of forms that enact dominance and subordination and create alliances and exclusions • Gendering organizations is the internal mental work of individuals as they consciously construct their understandings of the organization’s gendered structure of work and opportunity and the demands for gender appropriate behaviors and attitudes. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

17. Creating a Goverment That Works Better & Costs Less: Report of The National Performance Review Our goal is to make the entire federal goverment bothh less expensive more efficent, and to change the culture of our netional bureaucracy away from complacency and entitlement toward initiative and empowerment. We inted to redesign, to reinvent, to reinvigorate the entire national goverment. President Bill Clinton March 3, 1993 Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

18. Creating a Goverment That Works Better & Costs Less: Report of The National Performance Review Problems of National Goverment: • Ineffective spendings of resources • Ineffective regulation of the financial industry brought the savings and loan debacle • Ineffective education and training programs jeopardize competitive edge • Ineffective welfare and housing program undermine families and cities Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

19. Creating a Goverment That Works Better & Costs Less: Report of The National Performance Review Some of the examples related to Washington’s failures The average American believes 48 cents of every tax dollar spent unnecessarily. Only 20 % of Americans trust the federal goverment to do right thing most of the time ( down from 76 % 30 years ago) The Defense Department owns more than $ 40 billion unnecessarjy supplies Washington’s failures are large and obvious. For decade, the deficit has run out of control. The national debt now exceeds $ 4trillion - $ 16,600 for every man, woman and child in America. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

20. Creating a Goverment That Works Better & Costs Less: Report of The National Performance Review President Clinton created National Performance Review Report to abolish unequilibrium. In this report hundred of recomendations were taken, some of them were: • To reduce waste eliminate unneeded bureaucrarcy, • To improve service to taxpayers • To create a leaner but more productive goverment Some of these proposals can be enacted. The improvement of this report success depend upon: Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

21. Creating a Goverment That Works Better & Costs Less: Report of The National Performance Review • A Cure Worse than the disease • The Root Problem Industrial Era Bureaucracies in an Information Age • The Solution: Creating Entrepreneurial Organizations • Cutting Red Tape • Putting Customers First • Empowering Employees to Get Result • Cutting Back Basics: Producing Better Goverment for Less • Our Commitment : A Long Term Investment in Change Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

22. Simultaneous Loose – Tight Properties Simultaneous loose – tight properties, is in essence the co-existence of firm central direction and maximum individual autonomy – what we have called “having one’s cake and eating it too.” Organizations that live by the loose tight principle are on the one hand rigidly controlled, yet at the same time allow (indeed, insist on ) autonomy enterpreneurship, and innovation from the rank file. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

23. Creating the Multicultural Organization: The Challenge of Managing Diversity Human capital has taken center stage in the business strategies of enlightened organizations in the 21 century. Attracting, retaining, and effectively using people are increasingly the top priorities of leaders in all kinds of organizations, from high – tech firms to universities, from goverment agencies to heavy manufacturing firms. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

24. Creating the Multicultural Organization: The Challenge of Managing Diversity The creating of multicultural organization provides with DIVERSITY such as: • Gender population • Differential birth rates, • Work groups • National origin etc Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

25. Creating the Multicultural Organization: The Challenge of Managing Diversity Dıversity: It is the variation of social and cultural identites among people existing together in a defined employment or market setting. Social and cultural identity refers to the personnel affiliations such as: gender, race, national origin, religion, age, cohort, and work specialization. Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

26. Creating the Multicultural Organization: The Challenge of Managing Diversity Problems and Opportunities of Diversity • Diversity is a Potential Performance Barrier • Diversity as Value – Added Activity • Creativity and Innovation • Organizational Flexibility • Human Talent • Marketing Strategy Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

27. Questions and Explanations Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory