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Criticism and Reformulation

Criticism and Reformulation. Section 11.2. What is ironic about this Margaret Bourke-White photograph?. FDR & the New Deal. Charisma “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.” Alphabet Soup Legislation CCC NIRA Truth in Securities Act Glass-Steagall Act.

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Criticism and Reformulation

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  1. Criticism and Reformulation Section 11.2 What is ironic about this Margaret Bourke-Whitephotograph?

  2. FDR & the New Deal • Charisma • “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.” • Alphabet Soup Legislation • CCC • NIRA • Truth in Securities Act • Glass-Steagall Act FDR takes oath of office, 3/4/1933

  3. ObjectivesAt the end of this day you should be able to: • State reasons each of these people and groups didn’t agree with FDR and the New Deal: Dr. Townsend Father Charles E. Coughlin Huey Long The American Liberty League The Supreme Court • Provide more examples of how the New Deal would lead to new programs like: • the WPA • the Social Security Act of 1935

  4. Dr. Townsend Presentation

  5. Describe Dr. Townsend’s social security plan. • Retired physician • Horrified after he saw elderly women rummaging in garbage for food • Proposed retiring people over 60 and giving them a pension of $200 per month • Had to be spent by end of month • Result would help elderly and stimulate the economy • His idea would later influence the Social Security Act of 1935 Cartoon implies that FDR will drain the pockets of the workers in order to fill the pot of the elderly with the Townsend Plan. FDR was a vehement opponent of the Townsend Plan. What is ironic about this cartoon?

  6. Describe the economic recovery under the New Deal (1933-34): • A limited recovery • National income rose by 25%, many farms saved, unemployed got relief (welfare) or an ‘Alphabet Soup’ job • Workers made 13% less than pre-Crash income level • Farm prices were 28% lower • Unemployment was still 20% • Discontent started rising over slow pace of recovery People holding the signs wanted more aggressive policies.

  7. What was the Southern Tenant Farmers Union and how did the New Deal help end malnutrition? • Interracial union of displaced farmers who were upset with the Agricultural Adjustment Act • Landowners were supposed to share the government subsidy with them but evicted them from land instead • Looked to FDR for help • “Too often he has talked like a cropper and acted like a planter,” STFU leader said of FDR Photo by Arthur Rothstein, Aug., 1935:Sharecropper's child suffering from rickets What effect has poverty had on this Tenant Farmer? This Child?

  8. What impact did the NIRA have on union membership and worker/management relations? Below: funeral of Teamsters; bottom: scenes of violence between police and union protestors • 1 million workers joined union in 2 years • Unionization did not bring better relations • Minnesota police shot 67 union protestors in 1934 who were trying to get businesses to negotiate with truck driver union (Teamsters) • Hundred thousand attended funeral and business leaders gave in • 1, 800 strikes in 1934

  9. Video capture of dockworkers’ strike in SF

  10. Father Charles E. Coughlin Close-up of Father Coughlin

  11. Why is Father Charles E. Coughlin labeled as a demagogue? • Demagogue= a leader who gains power by appealing to people’s prejudices and fears rather than reason • Roman Catholic Priest/Radio Talk Show • Audience of 30 million • Wanted FDR to nationalize banks • Blamed ‘Jewish bankers’ for the nation’s troubles • Wanted to redistribute wealth of the rich • Silenced by Church leaders in 1942 Above and below: Father Coughlin

  12. Huey Long Presentation Huey Long in mid-speech

  13. Describe Huey Long’s Share the Wealth program. • Known as “The Kingfish” • Taxed wealthy for $ to build roads, bridges, schools, hospitals, for the poor • ‘Dictator’ of Louisiana • Installed a puppet government when elected senator in 1930 • Controlled all state appointments in Louisiana • Share the Wealth Program- • Governor/Senator of Louisiana • Socialist idea to confiscate all income over $5 million and give it to poor • Assassinated by his wealthy dentist in 1935 Above: Long again; below: “Every Man a King” pin

  14. FDR Critics Video capture: The White House from Lafayette Park

  15. What was the American Liberty League? • Organization of business leaders and conservative politicians who hated the New Deal • GM and the Du Ponts defied FDR’s demand that they improve working conditions • Instead, they instituted the speedup systems • forced men to work at terrifying speeds on the assembly lines • Many died of the heat and pressure, increased by fear of losing their jobs. • Claimed dedication to “upholding the Constitution” • Real goal was to destroy the New Deal • Used propaganda to smear FDR’s administration (argument was that to profit, they had to get the workers to do as much work in eight hours as they had previously done in ten or twelve…no way could they afford to hire another shift!) Symbol (Liberty Bell) of A.L.L. Irénée du Pont (1876-1963)

  16. How did the Supreme Court weaken the New Deal? • Used power of judicial review • Ruled that • NIRA gave executive branch too much power over small businesses • that Federal Gov had no right to regulate business within states • AAA’s method of regulating agricultural production through taxation was unconstitutional Cartoon implies that FDR wanted a bunch of “yes-men” on the Court

  17. What was the WPA and how did it put people to work? • Works Progress Administration • Part of Second New Deal • Built schools, hospitals, airports, playgrounds • Employed teachers, writers, actors • Taught people to read, beautified buildings with murals, wrote guidebooks to historical places, put on live plays Above: FDR visits WPA; below: WPA symbol

  18. What was the Social Security Act of 1935? • Govt. relief & retirement pension program • Enough $ to meet basic needs of citizens • Gave a pension ($12-$85 per month) to injured workers, elderly, orphaned Youngish man pictured: must be an injured worker!

  19. Social Security Act Video clip: background is of original 13-star flag

  20. What does this cartoon imply? Cartoon implies FDR blames Court for “holding up” the New Deal; thus, his court-packing plan

  21. Why did FDR want to ‘pack the court’ and was he successful? • Wanted to put 6 new justices in who would support his ideas • Claimed that he wanted to ease the workload of the aging justices • Public viewed FDR as dictator • Supreme Court started to support some of his legislation and he withdrew the proposal In this cartoon, FDR is cracking the whip, hitting the horse labeled “judicial”. All three horses are shown laboring hard and breathing heavily. So what does the cartoon imply?

  22. Video capture: Greek-revival building that’s home to Supreme Court

  23. Let’s ReviewHoover and the Crash Video capture: review of the Crash and Hoover’s response

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