Evolution of PC_LANS and Networks

1. Evolution of PC_LANS and Networks Prithvi N. Rao Carnegie Mellon University

2. Objectives • Describe the evolution of corporate management structures. • List the characteristics of a centralized network system. • Recognize the challenges of building an enterprise-wide network. • List some of the critical issues facing network managers.

3. Introduction • Communication is fundamental to organizational effectiveness. • Management structure determines structural requirements for communication. • Evolution from function oriented steep hierarchies to flatter process focused structures. • Functional structures require hierarchical communication based on centralized architectures. • Process structures require more de-centralized communication.

4. Steep Functional Hierarchy

5. Flat Process Orientation

6. Introduction • Effective organizations must have a communication system that links all of its resources: people, information and tools. • Evolution of roles increases the importance of communications. • Creates new demands on systems for supporting complex organizations and communications requirements. • Computers link people, information and tools. • Meet flat process structural standard. • Vendors must communicate with each other. • Software tool compatibility is important.

7. Evolution • Networks facilitate effective communicate using computers. • Information on networked computers must be accessible. • Vendors work closely with customers and each other to ensure that an open communications environment is maintained. • Open environment facilitates the use of heterogeneous hardware and software infrastructures as well as various types of cabling. • Network operating systems facilitate sharing. • Database Systems, Electronic mail systems facilitate sharing.

8. Computer System Evolution • Move towards smaller, faster, cheaper hardware. • PCs are getting cheaper and faster • Memory speed is increasing. • Applications are demanding more resources. • Audio, Video, Speech…. • Operating systems have also evolved. • Operating systems cannot keep up with hardware advances. • Result over 20 years is inversion of cost/performance. • Vacuum tube -> high cost, low performance. • VLSI -> low cost, high performance.

9. Computer System Evolution • Evolution of computer systems occurred in distinct phases

10. Mainframe Architecture • Mainframe based network systems were centralized. • Tightly controlled of computer and shared peripherals. • Terminal devices connected (dumb terminals). • Star networking design. • Few computer to computer integration requirements.

11. Mainframe Architecture Channel-to-Channel Mainframe Mainframe Or Link Attached Channel-to-Channel FEP FEP Or Link Attached Dumb Terminals

12. Distributed Networks • First networks enabled simple file and resource sharing (printers). • PC networks used originally to support communication at departmental level. • PC networks contrasted mainframe phase: • Local area network • Shared resources: data, programs, peripherals • Distributed processing • Intelligent workstations • Bus or ring network topology

13. Network Topology: Token Ring Shared Resource (printers) Server PC PC Token Ring PC

14. Network Topology: Ethernet WS WS Ethernet Thinnet: 185 meters (~600 feet) terminator terminator Thicknet: 500 meters (~1700 feet) WS WS

15. Enterprise Networking • Places tremendous demands on the communication systems within organization. • Cause is related to rising importance of networking multiple systems • New demands that must be addressed are: • Increasing importance of wide are networking • Combining LAN and WAN technologies • Support for multi-protocol based networks • Multiple topology networks • Application interface requirements

16. Enterprise Networking • Networking technology plays a major role in corporate communication • Information technology managers faced with numerous issues: • Continued expansion of current networks • Increased interconnectivity requirements • Distributed applications • Client – Server based computing • Importance of open systems standards • Managing the network

17. Enterprise Networking Remote WAN Remote Bus Local Bus Local Ring Mainframe

18. Current Network Management Network Manager Support System SERVER Database Application Communication database application printing email