A Snapshot of Health and Child Development in Indonesia: Baseline Findings

1. A Snapshot of Health and Child Development in Indonesia: Baseline Findings Amelia Maika, ElanSatriawan, Amanda Beatty, Sally Brinkman, Menno Pradhan The 3rd Conference of The International Society for Child Indicators, University of York, York, United Kingdom, 27-29 July 2011.

2. INDONESIA: from a lower to middle income country, however • over 27 million people living below the poverty line, up to half the population is estimated vulnerable to poverty (UNICEF, 2010; World Bank, 2010) • Inequality and regional disparities are a fundamental feature of poverty in the country • The large disparity in socio-economics is also reflected in the wide variation in educational outcomes. Children from the poorer villages start school later, complete fewer years of schooling and have higher drop out and repetition rates (World Bank, 2006)

3. These numbers are decreasing in the last decade – still high in East Asia

4. Objectives • Impact evaluation study ECED program in Indonesia • Examining ranges of child development outcomes (health, school readiness, cognitive, behavior) • Examining household characteristics, parental practices and ECED utilization • Provide policy recommendation

5. Methodology • randomized control trial approach • Subject: 6370 children age 1 and 4, primary caregiver

6. 310 Villages in 9 Districts

7. Baseline Midterm Final round Batch 1 villages Batch 3 villages Villages outside ECED project 0 months 18 months 36 months Project Duration TREATMENT Comparison 1 Comparison 2

8. Measures • Early Development Instrument (EDI) • Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) • Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS)

9. 9% of caregivers cannot read at all3% cannot read well/only read partially

10. Breastfeeding Practices

11. Indication of malnutrition

12. EDI: International Comparison % vulnerable children

13. Caregiver practices • 52% of household do not have book • frequency readings to children correlates sig with cognitive and development score, the amount of book and parental education

14. More common practices in playing music, singing and dancing

16. DCCS: International Comparison

17. A child’s drawing ability is related to fine motor and cognitive skills

18. Range of cognitive development shown by drawing ability

19. Preschool Participation across the country is very low (Statistic Indonesia 2010)

20. Participation among the sample is even lower

21. Policy recommendations • ECED center could encourage more reading habit at home, providing access to books, give opportunity for parent to borrow book from the center, as well as work together with local library to support this access. • increase parent‘s involvement in ECED program, teaching caregiver practices that could support attachment and early stimulation at home such as storytelling. • In order to increase parent’s literacy level the center should consider linking with adult education program in the community, such as KejarPaket A program.

22. Acknowledgement This research is funded by AUSAID through Telethon Institute of Child Health Research (TICHR) Australia. ECED survey is a project collaboration between Directorate of Early Childhood Education and Development MoNE Indonesia and the World Bank. Access to ECED data is provided by the World Bank. Researchers: Amelia Maika and ElanSatriawan (GadjahMada University Indonesia), Amanda Beatty (the World Bank), Sally Brinkman (TICHR, Australia), Menno Pradhan (Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands).

23. Terima Kasih