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Molecular Compounds

Molecular Compounds. Covalent Bonds. A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. Covalent Bond : force of attraction between atoms that share 1, 2, 3 pairs of electrons

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Molecular Compounds

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  1. Molecular Compounds Covalent Bonds

  2. A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. • Covalent Bond: force of attraction between atoms that share 1, 2, 3 pairs of electrons • The electrons belong to both atoms and the attraction of the atoms for the same electron pair holds them together.

  3. Examples • Methane, CH4 • Ammonia, NH3 • Chlorine Gas Cl2

  4. Molecular Compounds • formed by non-metal with non-metal • share electrons to fill valence shell • The nuclei of two different atoms are attracting the same electrons. • combine in a ratio to make stable atoms

  5. Properties • Molecular (covalent) substances: • generally have much lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.  • are soft and squishy (compared to ionic compounds, anyway). • don't conduct electricity in water. • aren't usually very soluble in water.

  6. Diatomics • A molecular element is two or more atoms, all of the same element, joined by covalent bonds • A diatomic molecule is a molecule that is made from two atoms

  7. Nomenclature • Name the element furthest to the left first • Change the ending of the second non-metal to –ide • Use a prefix to specify the number of each element present

  8. *mono is only used for the second element

  9. Examples • N2O PBr3 NF3 N2O2 • Dihydrogen monoxide • Phosphorous pentachloride • Carbon tetrahydride

  10. Summary • Formed by non-metal with non-metal • Share electrons to fill valence shell • Nuclei of two different atoms are attracting the same electrons

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