e-Bug background research report

1. 15-18 year olds e-Bug background research report Noralie Geessink Dr. Pia Touboul-Lundgren 21 November 2013

2. Table of contents. • Target age group • Educational structure • Health information and provision • Vaccination usage • Antibiotic usage • Teenage pregnancy rate • Existing campaigns • Demographic information

3. Target agegroup.

4. Educationalstructure. Proportions of 15-18 year olds enrolled in education

5. Educationalstructure. • ISCED 3 (upper secondary education) • An example:

6. General versus vocationaleducation.

7. Public versus private education.

8. Possibilities to integrateantibiotic and vaccinationeducation. • Several pathways with chosen subjects • Only a few common subjects • Difficult to find common subjects in vocational/technical/ specialised/professional education • Vocational students possibly less knowledge • Science and biology • On average 20-40% of students attend (often only general education) • The UK: just around 7% per education year • Peer education • Various other subjects • E.g. geography, religion, health education, physical education. family education • Technical subjects: e.g. biotechnology, food industry • Extracurricular projects

9. Antibiotics and vaccinationsalreadycovered in national curricula. • Mostly covered in scientific pathways (science, biology, natural science) • Saudi-Arabia and Cyprus • Only covered before upper secondary education • Vocational or technical education  less (detailed) covered • Two different resources • One specific for compulsory biology curriculum • One for students in a section without antibiotics and vaccinations within the compulsory education

10. Health information and provision. • Teachers • Social media, TV, internet sources • Several existing educational resources • Mostly general websites for background information or biology subject material • GPs • 15-18 year olds with own responsibility or not enrolled in education • Awareness concerning their role • Developing a specific leaflet • Educational campaigns • Important for 15-18 year olds as well as their parents • Two-way education

11. Vaccinationusage. • Different vaccination recommendations • Childhood coverage rates satisfactory in most countries (in spite of absence of obligation) • Decreasing trend in uptake rates among teenagers • Coverages of boosters or reminders • New vaccines, optional in most countries, e.g. meningococcal C or HPV vaccination • 15-18 year olds is an important target group for vaccination information • Prospective educational tool • Vaccinations could consist of several doses and all doses have to be given for immunity • 15-18 years old is a key age for booster vaccinations

12. Antibioticusage. • (Illegal) over the counter antibiotic sales • Information leaflets GPs • Including meaningful information about appropriate antibiotic use specific for this age group • Catch-up antibiotics

13. Teenagepregnancyrate. • Targeting 15-18 year olds as future parents

14. Existingcampaigns. • Qu

15. Demographicinformation. • Character diversity • Belgium: 3 languages • Proportions of ‘anti-vaccination groups’ in general could be explored to identify their relevance • Computer/internet access relatively high (especially in educational settings)

16. Conclusion. • Educational venues usable • Different audiences • One specific tool for (compulsory biology curriculum in) scientific pathways in general education • More detailed resource to cover learning objectives • Peer education • One cross-curricular tool for all different pathways, technical and vocational schools • One specific tool to be used by GPs (or other health professionals) targeting young people not in education • Two-way education • Identify and specify possibilities to integrate antibiotic and vaccination education with taking into account areas outside science and cross-/extracurricular projects • Possibilities to reach 15-18 year olds not enrolled in education or enrolled in specialised, technical or vocational education should be specifically identified