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Capitalism and Stratification

19thc. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONProblems: pollution, overcrowding, disease, exploitation of workers. See: Growth of Towns and Cities. Tools of the Sociologist. CONCEPTSTHEORIESPARADIGMS. THEORY AND Concepts . The relationship between theory and concepts in sociology is as follows:. . a. ???? Co

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Capitalism and Stratification

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    1. Capitalism and Stratification Two Key Concepts in Sociology

    2. 19thc INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Problems: pollution, overcrowding, disease, exploitation of workers. See: Growth of Towns and Cities

    3. Tools of the Sociologist CONCEPTS THEORIES PARADIGMS

    4. THEORY AND Concepts The relationship between theory and concepts in sociology is as follows:

    5. a.      Concepts are the building blocks of sociology

    6. b.     From concepts sociologists develop propositions about how the social world works

    7. c.      Formalized propositions are hypotheses…ie. Social stratification, social inequality

    8. d.     Hypotheses that stand the test of time are raised to the level of theory…ie Marx’s theory of dialectical materialism

    9. E. Groups of theories of similar nature become PARADIGMS.

    10. The Two Concepts CAPITALISM DEFINED… STRATIFICATION DEFINED

    11. CONCEPTS CAPITALISM-Economic system based upon social class standing

    12. THREE Components OF CAPITALISM 1. Private ownership of property 2. Pursuit of personal profit (surplus value) 3. Free competition and consumer sovereignty-laissez-faire (to let go)

    13. Processes OF CAPITALISM Capitalism is characterized by four main processes: Systematic Production Systematic consumption, Systematic exchange-capital or money Personal income and wealth accumulation.

    14. Stratification defined Set of relationships in terms of ranking and establishing other relationships STRATIFICATION-Means of dividing people based upon economic and cultural characteristics

    15. PARADIGMS PARADIGMS EACH PROVIDE UNIQUE INSIGHT INTO… CAPITALISM AND STATIFICATION. Structural Functionalism-Durkheim Symbolic Interactionism-Weber Conflict Theory-Marx

    16. Paradigms and Politics STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM-conservative SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM-liberal CONFLICT THEORY-radical

    17. Political Spectrum EXTREME RIGHT WING =DICTATORSHIP EXTREME LEFT WING =TRUE COMMUNISM

    18. Capitalism Capitalism is the first system of stratification that is open. (class vs. caste) Individuals may carve out their own positions regardless of the State. Provides at least, the illusion of meritocracy and achievement.

    19. Stratification Systems in History Slavery- Estate- Caste- Class Communist Slavery-US South, South Africa Estate-Middle ages, Feudalism Caste-India Class System-Modern capitalistic societies Communism-State control Slavery-US South, South Africa Estate-Middle ages, Feudalism Caste-India Class System-Modern capitalistic societies Communism-State control

    20. Social class One’s Class standing is based upon: income, wealth, education occupation. Social class is a ranking or grouping of individuals according to position in the economic scheme of things. Social class is a ranking or grouping of individuals according to position in the economic scheme of things.

    21. 19th c Classical Theories E. Durkheim-See Stratification as functional Max Weber –Stratification is about rationalisation Karl Marx-Stratification is controlled by elites

    22. Paradigms Paradigm -set of explicit and implicit assumptions that gives an idea meaning and direction. Grouped together under one paradigm are many theories that operate with the same world view Other names for paradigm include perspective and conceptual framework. Grouped together under one paradigm are many theories that operate with the same world view Other names for paradigm include perspective and conceptual framework.

    23. Different Lenses on Society . Each perspective has different assumptions about: the nature of mankind causes of human behaviour

    24. Theoretical perspectives on capitalism and stratification Structural Functional-Right wing conservative status quo-stratification inevitable and necessary Symbolic Interaction-liberal-critical, pessimistic.. Conflict/Feminist-Left wing radical---question authority

    25. Structural-functionalism Structural-functionalism holds that society is ‘normative’ order People’s behaviour is organized around social institutions

    26. Structural Functionalism Institutions are comprised of rules and norms Functionalists focus on social integration SF theorists tend to ask questions about the functional and dysfunctional elements of human behaviour and social institutions.

    27. Stratification according to Functionalism Davis and Moore (1958). “Some Principles of Stratification” Inequality is natural A society of equal rewards is impossible Stratification is necessary and functional

    28. Symbolic interactionism Symbolic interactionism views human behaviour is the result of individual interpretation of symbols Focus on social context and social interaction.

    29. Symbolic interactionism People perceive and construct their social reality 4. Tends to ask questions about how individuals make sense of their social world

    30. SI- Weber on Stratification Social Stratification is about status difference Social Stratification is part of human values generated by the `Spirit of Capitalism’ Capitalistic ethos-hard work, rationality, individualism part of formal rationality.

    31. CONFLICT THEORY Differences in wealth, status and power between classes, ARE not natural. They are socially constructed by owners of the means of production

    32. Marx Quote  It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that determines their consciousness. 

    33. Karl Marx Material Conflict Approach "The History of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggle“ SEE MARX’S DAS KAPITAL (1860) For Marx, the notion of class struggle is at the foundation of human society.  In the beginning man is a producer and consumer. For Marx, the notion of class struggle is at the foundation of human society.  In the beginning man is a producer and consumer.

    34. Conflict Theory :False Consciousness The bourgeoisie maintain false consciousness. FOUR SLOGANS INCLUDE: I.e. The cream rises to the top Freedom requires some exploitation Any `man can become President. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness?I.e. The cream rises to the top Freedom requires some exploitation Any `man can become President. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness?

    35. Marx’s Modes of Production TRIBAL ANCIENT COMMUNAL FEUDAL CAPITALISTIC SOCIALISTIC The Materialist View of History Each mode of production prior to Socialism or True Communism is maintained through IDEOLOGY-False consciousness. The Materialist View of History Each mode of production prior to Socialism or True Communism is maintained through IDEOLOGY-False consciousness.

    36. To Marx, Capitalism is a mode of production-not the first, not the last… Capitalism-generates stratification as class system. Capitalism is first mode of production in which pure class divisions exist. Potential for proletarian revolution???

    37. SUMMARY CAPITALISM AND STRATIFICATION are two key concepts in sociology Various analyses of the concepts are central in the three main paradigms in sociology Functionalism, Symbolic Interaction and Conflict Theory.

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