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Learn about passive and active protection systems, air bags, safety belts, and post-crash best practices in this comprehensive program. Understand the different types and parts of occupant protection systems.
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StandardizedChild Passenger SafetyTraining ProgramWinter 2004 Vehicle Occupant Protection Systems
Objectives • Identify types of occupant protection systems • Describe kinds of safety belts and the protection offered by each • List and describe the parts and advantages of a safety belt • Demonstrate the use of occupant protection systems • Explain the types of air bags and how they work • Explain best practice for occupant protection systems after a crash Occupant Protection Systems - 2
Types of Occupant Protection • Passive Protection • features built into the vehicle • protects without any action by the occupant • Active Protection • features require action by the occupant Occupant Protection Systems - 3
1 2 3 Passive Protection:Automatic Safety Belts • Door mounted shoulder belt with knee bolster • Track mounted shoulder belt with manual lap belt • Door mounted automatic lap & shoulder Occupant Protection Systems - 4
Passive Protection: Air Bags FRONTAL: Driver, Passenger and Knee HEAD: Tube and Curtain CHEST: Door and Seat Mounted Occupant Protection Systems - 5
Other Passive Protection • Crushable frames • Reinforced passenger compartment • Friendly interior • Padding • Head restraints • Laminated windshields • Recessed knobs Occupant Protection Systems - 6
Active Protection • Lap belts “2-point” • Lap and shoulder belts “3-point” • Child restraint systems Occupant Protection Systems - 7
Air Bags: Frontal Driver Passenger Knee Occupant Protection Systems - 8
Side Air Bags Chest Chest/Head Head only Occupant Protection Systems - 9
Air Bag Warnings • Always on sun visor • Sometimes on airbag cover • Sometimes inside door • Sometimes on safety belt or vehicle seat • Can be almost anywhere Occupant Protection Systems - 10
Air Bag Markings • SRS (Supplemental Restraint System) • SIR (Supplemental Inflatable Restraint) • AIR BAG • SIPS (Side Impact Protection System) • SIAB (Side Impact Air Bag) • IC (Inflatable Curtain) Occupant Protection Systems - 11
Air Bag On-Off Switches • Rule exempts dealers and repair businesses from the prohibition against making required safety equipment inoperative. • Beginning January 1998, manual on-off switches may be installed in vehicles owned by persons whose requests for switches have been approved by NHTSA. Occupant Protection Systems - 12
Air Bag On-Off Switches • Circumstances permitted: • MUST transport rear-facing infant in front seat • MUST transport children under 12 in front • Drivers who can not change driving position (10” from air bag) • Medical condition • Must read an informational brochure • Send request to NHTSA Occupant Protection Systems - 13
Parts of a Safety Belt • Webbing • Anchor Points • Latch Plate • Buckle • Retractor Occupant Protection Systems - 14
Types of Latch Plates • Locking • Sliding • Sewn • Switchable Occupant Protection Systems - 15
Locked Locking Bar Not Locked Locking Latch Plate Occupant Protection Systems - 16
Cinching/Lightweight Locking Latch Plates Some may release when enough pressure is applied Occupant Protection Systems - 17
Sliding Latch Plates Occupant Protection Systems - 18
Lap Only Lap and Shoulder Sewn Latch Plates Occupant Protection Systems - 19
Switchable Latch Plate Adult Sliding Latch Plate Position Child Restraint Locking Latch Plate Position Occupant Protection Systems - 20
Types of Retractors • Automatic Locking (ALR) • Emergency Locking (ELR) • Switchable Occupant Protection Systems - 21
Ratchet Webbing Automatic Locking Retractor (ALR) • Allows belt to be pulled in one motion until fastened • Then operates as a ratchet, winding in slack, preventing further extension (until completely rewound) Occupant Protection Systems - 22
Emergency Locking Retractor (ELR) Occupant Protection Systems - 23
Switchable Retractor • Manually adjusted from ELR to ALR • Most pull all webbing out for switch to ALR • Others have a button for switch to ALR Occupant Protection Systems - 24
Other Safety Belt Features • Features vary from vehicle to vehicle • See vehicle owner’s manual Occupant Protection Systems - 25
Occupant Protection Systems After a Crash • Most occupant protection systems are generally one-time use • Recommendations regarding CRS replacement vary Occupant Protection Systems - 26
Child Restraints After a Crash • NHTSA criteria to determine if a crash is severe enough to warrant CRS replacement - A crash is considered minor if ALL are met: • Visual inspection does not reveal any cracks or deformities • Vehicle with CRS installed can be driven from the scene • Vehicle door nearest CRS is undamaged • No injuries to any occupants • Air bags did not deploy Occupant Protection Systems - 27
Occupant Protection Systems:Hands-On Exercise • Identify belt systems in all seating positions • Identify latch plates in all seating positions • Identify retractors in all seating positions • Identify air bag placements Occupant Protection Systems - 28
Occupant Protection Systems:Hands-On Exercise Occupant Protection Systems - 29