Standardized Child Passenger Safety Training Program Winter 2004

1. StandardizedChild Passenger SafetyTraining ProgramWinter 2004 Vehicle Occupant Protection Systems

2. Objectives • Identify types of occupant protection systems • Describe kinds of safety belts and the protection offered by each • List and describe the parts and advantages of a safety belt • Demonstrate the use of occupant protection systems • Explain the types of air bags and how they work • Explain best practice for occupant protection systems after a crash Occupant Protection Systems - 2

3. Types of Occupant Protection • Passive Protection • features built into the vehicle • protects without any action by the occupant • Active Protection • features require action by the occupant Occupant Protection Systems - 3

4. 1 2 3 Passive Protection:Automatic Safety Belts • Door mounted shoulder belt with knee bolster • Track mounted shoulder belt with manual lap belt • Door mounted automatic lap & shoulder Occupant Protection Systems - 4

5. Passive Protection: Air Bags FRONTAL: Driver, Passenger and Knee HEAD: Tube and Curtain CHEST: Door and Seat Mounted Occupant Protection Systems - 5

6. Other Passive Protection • Crushable frames • Reinforced passenger compartment • Friendly interior • Padding • Head restraints • Laminated windshields • Recessed knobs Occupant Protection Systems - 6

7. Active Protection • Lap belts “2-point” • Lap and shoulder belts “3-point” • Child restraint systems Occupant Protection Systems - 7

8. Air Bags: Frontal Driver Passenger Knee Occupant Protection Systems - 8

9. Side Air Bags Chest Chest/Head Head only Occupant Protection Systems - 9

10. Air Bag Warnings • Always on sun visor • Sometimes on airbag cover • Sometimes inside door • Sometimes on safety belt or vehicle seat • Can be almost anywhere Occupant Protection Systems - 10

11. Air Bag Markings • SRS (Supplemental Restraint System) • SIR (Supplemental Inflatable Restraint) • AIR BAG • SIPS (Side Impact Protection System) • SIAB (Side Impact Air Bag) • IC (Inflatable Curtain) Occupant Protection Systems - 11

12. Air Bag On-Off Switches • Rule exempts dealers and repair businesses from the prohibition against making required safety equipment inoperative. • Beginning January 1998, manual on-off switches may be installed in vehicles owned by persons whose requests for switches have been approved by NHTSA. Occupant Protection Systems - 12

13. Air Bag On-Off Switches • Circumstances permitted: • MUST transport rear-facing infant in front seat • MUST transport children under 12 in front • Drivers who can not change driving position (10” from air bag) • Medical condition • Must read an informational brochure • Send request to NHTSA Occupant Protection Systems - 13

14. Parts of a Safety Belt • Webbing • Anchor Points • Latch Plate • Buckle • Retractor Occupant Protection Systems - 14

15. Types of Latch Plates • Locking • Sliding • Sewn • Switchable Occupant Protection Systems - 15

16. Locked Locking Bar Not Locked Locking Latch Plate Occupant Protection Systems - 16

17. Cinching/Lightweight Locking Latch Plates Some may release when enough pressure is applied Occupant Protection Systems - 17

18. Sliding Latch Plates Occupant Protection Systems - 18

19. Lap Only Lap and Shoulder Sewn Latch Plates Occupant Protection Systems - 19

20. Switchable Latch Plate Adult Sliding Latch Plate Position Child Restraint Locking Latch Plate Position Occupant Protection Systems - 20

21. Types of Retractors • Automatic Locking (ALR) • Emergency Locking (ELR) • Switchable Occupant Protection Systems - 21

22. Ratchet Webbing Automatic Locking Retractor (ALR) • Allows belt to be pulled in one motion until fastened • Then operates as a ratchet, winding in slack, preventing further extension (until completely rewound) Occupant Protection Systems - 22

23. Emergency Locking Retractor (ELR) Occupant Protection Systems - 23

24. Switchable Retractor • Manually adjusted from ELR to ALR • Most pull all webbing out for switch to ALR • Others have a button for switch to ALR Occupant Protection Systems - 24

25. Other Safety Belt Features • Features vary from vehicle to vehicle • See vehicle owner’s manual Occupant Protection Systems - 25

26. Occupant Protection Systems After a Crash • Most occupant protection systems are generally one-time use • Recommendations regarding CRS replacement vary Occupant Protection Systems - 26

27. Child Restraints After a Crash • NHTSA criteria to determine if a crash is severe enough to warrant CRS replacement - A crash is considered minor if ALL are met: • Visual inspection does not reveal any cracks or deformities • Vehicle with CRS installed can be driven from the scene • Vehicle door nearest CRS is undamaged • No injuries to any occupants • Air bags did not deploy Occupant Protection Systems - 27

28. Occupant Protection Systems:Hands-On Exercise • Identify belt systems in all seating positions • Identify latch plates in all seating positions • Identify retractors in all seating positions • Identify air bag placements Occupant Protection Systems - 28

29. Occupant Protection Systems:Hands-On Exercise Occupant Protection Systems - 29