Integrated Water Management AIChE December 2011 Meeting

1. Integrated Water ManagementAIChE December 2011 Meeting John Barber, Ph.D. Superintendent Waste Disposal Services Dept. Eastman Chemical Company

2. Water Scarcity • Increasing worldwide • Previously a developing nation issue • Now Spain, Australia, U.K, U.S. • Quantity and quality concerns • Finite resource

3. World Water Stress

4. Disappearing Aral Seain Central Asia

6. Colorado River-from this to that

7. South Fork Holston River (8/10/2000)

8. Global Distribution of Water • 97.5% Oceans • 2.5% Fresh Water • 69.5% Glaciers and Permafrost • 30.1% Groundwater • 0.4% Surface and Atmosphere • 77.5% Lakes, Rivers, Wetlands • 12.2% Soil Moisture • 9.5% Atmosphere

9. “Many of the wars this century were about oil, but those of the next century will be over water.” – Egyptian Ismail Serageldin, senior World Bank official

10. Is water the new oil?

11. Water Footprint Concept www.waterfootprint.org

14. Water Use in the U.S. • 339 billion gallons/day fresh water withdrawn • 2X population growth for past 200 years • Now 10% less than in 1985, though population grew • Conservation? • Harder to come by?

15. Water Use in the U.S. • 1300 gallon/person/day withdrawn • 40% for irrigation (78% in California) • 3x average of Europe • US Household use = 100 gal/person/day

17. World Water Cost and Consumption

18. Water Conservation – the cheapest gallon of water is one that you don’t have to find, treat, and distribute

19. Electric Power in the U.S. • Thermoelectric and Hydroelectric • Uses more water than any other single purpose • 131 billion gallons/day • 3% consumed

20. It takes a lot of water to produce energyIt takes a lot of energy to treat water

21. Water – Energy Nexus

22. Energy Intensity of Water Sources

23. “I am convinced that, under present conditions and with the way water is being managed, we will run out of water long before we run out of fuel.” – former CEO of Nestle, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe in The Economist (2008)

24. Institutional Structures Sustainable Integrated Water Management Science & Technology to Produce Clean Water for Reuse Management of Water in the Natural and Built Environment Adoption of a One Water Paradigm

25. “Silo” Management of Water

26. Integrated Water Management • Reduce demand for freshwater • Increase water recycling and reuse • Turn stormwater into a water supply asset • “Fit for Purpose” – match water quality to end user needs • Green Infrastructure – multi-purposeand multi-benefit • No distinct classes of water • Continual cycle

27. The Water/Energy/Nutrient Nexus of Wastewater

28. Wastewater Resource Recovery Opportunities

29. Example Resource Recovery Center Primary Revenue Ultrapure water for industry makeup and aquifer recharge Peak electricity sales to grid Primary Clarifier or Filter Low Energy Membrane for BOD and TSS Removal Sewage Food waste, misc. organics Electricity Methane Electricity Generation Nutrient Removal and Recovery Anaerobic Digester CO2 Secondary Revenue Irrigation water Fuel savings Inorganic fertilizer Final Filter Algae Conversion to Biodiesel

30. NPDESNational Pollutant DischargeElimination System

31. Uses for Recycled Water

32. Fit for Purpose Water Reclaimed water that has received the most appropriate level of treatment for a specific beneficial reuse

34. Water Reuse in the FoodProducts Industry • Coca-Cola’s goal  zero water footprint for production • Reduce, recycle, replenish • Partnership with New United Resource Recovery Corporation (Spartanburg, SC) • Move toward total recycle of treated water • Product quality, product safety and public health are paramount

35. Conversion of Recycled Bottles to Food Grade Plastic • High-speed auto sort • Shred and wash PET • Float bath to remove PVC caps and paper labels • Initial rinse • Chemical treatment and 2nd rinse • Auto visual scan to remove non-spec plastic • Final rinse and dry

36. Demand and Water Quality Needs

37. Physical-Chemical Water Reclamation

38. Manhattan 125 Maintenance Garage

42. Rainwater and Steam Condensate Harvesting System

43. The SolaireResidential Tower

44. Rooftop of The Solaire

45. Wastewater Managementat The Solaire • On-site blackwater treatment system recycles 100% of building’s wastewater for use in cooling towers, toilets and landscape irrigation • Dual plumbing to accommodate graywaterseparation • Water-efficient fixtures and low-flow toilets • Potable water demand reduced 50% by using recycled wastewater

46. Rainwater Managementat The Solaire • Water retention layer in rooftop landscaping reduces stormwater velocity and volume • Subsurface infiltration basins remove pollutants from rainwater • Runoff collected in 10,000-gallon basement storage tank with sediment basin and treatment system • Water used for irrigating landscaping and operating the cooling tower

47. Green Infrastructure • Rain gardens and rain barrels • Porous concrete and permeable pavement • Vegetated swales • Green roofs • Water harvesting • Bioretention and infiltration

48. Green Infrastructure & the Triple Bottom Line

50. The $42 Million “Waterless Toilet” Challenge from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation