Note: Please use arrows or mouse to move from slide to slide. Thank you and enjoy!

1. Note: Please use arrows or mouse to move from slide to slide. Thank you and enjoy!

2. Contents of PowerPoint • This PowerPoint will cover: • Summary of War of 1812 • Causes of War of 1812 • Outcomes of War 1812 • Prompt answered: • What were the major causes of the formation of the Native-American alliance in the old Northwest Territory? • And how important was the encroachment by U.S. farmers and pioneers upon Native American lands in the development of this alliance?

3. War of 1812

4. War Summary • U.S. v. Great Britain • Great Britain’s allies: • Native American Indians • British colonists from Canada • June, 1812 - 1815 • Location: • United States • Canada • Sea • At the time, Great Britain was considered the greatest naval power in the world • Enlightenment ideas contributed to colonists standing up against the British, and the Indians thinking for themselves

5. Major Battles

6. Compare and Contrast: Events c. 1800s

7. Breakdown

8. Tecumseh’s Significant Role • Native American, Tecumseh, dreamed of a united Indian confederacy that would stop white settlers from taking over their lands • Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet, unite tribes and prepare for westward movement/invasion from settlers • British supplied Tecumseh’s tribe as they fought Americans • Tecumseh died during Commander Perry’s victory on Lake Erie • Following his death, Indian tribes weakened and separated Tecumseh as a young warrior Conclusion: Tecumseh’s enlightenment thinking regarding unity and protection, develop an alliance between Indians and British

9. Encroachment Results in Alliance • Settlers move westward with hopes of expanding their country and finding new trade goods • Indian tribes are settled in western lands and fear settlers’ invasions • As settlers continue to move westward, Indians prepare for raids on their lands • British supplied Indians with ammunition and weapons to protect Indian lands from settlers • British also hoped this gesture would be recognized by the Indians and help in building a future alliance • Indians recognize the British as allies, and in-turn, hope the British will continue to support their efforts to keep settlers out of their territories • Wm. Henry Harrison realizes Indians are uniting and sees it as threat, and possibly a potential revolution • Harrison burns Indian lands and understands British weapons were being used by Indians • Conclusion: • The threatening western movement, by farmers and pioneers, is the most significant and underlying reasons the British and Indians become allies

10. Primary Source: Tecumseh Quote • The significance of the U.S. farmers and pioneers moving in on Native American lands can be summed up through the following quote: “Brothers: Since the peace was made, you have killed some of the Shawnees, Winnebagoes, Delawares, and Miamis, and you have taken our land from us; and I do not see how we can remain at peace if you continue to do so. You try to force the red people to do some mischief . You try to keep the tribes apart, and make distinctions among them. You wish to prevent Indians from uniting.” (Appleby, Joyce, Brinkley, & McPherson, 2007, p. 292)

11. British and Native American Alliance • Before the War of 1812 , Americans began driving Indians out of the Northwest Territory • Old Northwest Territory includes current-day states: • Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Wisconsin • British supplied Natives with weapons to help them hold off invasions from settlers • British hoped this gesture would form an alliance between them and the Indians • Tecumseh, and other Indians, hoped an alliance would help stop the “white movement” on Indian territories Natives use weapons supplied by allied British

12. Outcome: • Winners are unclear; British and Americans gain little from this American Revolution Part II • Indians, however, no longer are protected by British (or French) and U.S. westward expansion kicks off • British never again fight the Americans • Change & Continuity: • Changed: • Humanitarian rights, equality movements, more democratic • Same: • Prejudice issues, struggle for power, fighting for peace • Turning Point- Past Decisions Affecting Future Choices: • Madison helps write the Constitution, then upholds it during conflicts • U.S. ends American Revolution weak and broke; ends 1812 conflict strong and economically independent Thinking Like a Historian • Through their Eyes: What were peoples’ views during this time period? • British: powerful, entitled • Americans: annoyed with wars, nationalism, hopeful for future • Indians: betrayed, mistreated, fearful of the future • Using the Past: How does the past help us make sense of the future? • Relationships between Americans and Indians remain weak • Need of A.I.M. movement • Protests of offensive Indian mascots, etc..