Assessing the health of the world’s ocean

1. Assessing the health of the world’s ocean Embargoed An Ocean Health Index to assess global marine social-ecological systems Halpern et al. in press, Nature

2. Ocean Health Index: • A healthy ocean sustainably delivers a range of benefits to people, now and in the future

3. FOOD PROVISION ARTISANAL FISHING OPPORTUNITIES NATURAL PRODUCTS CARBON STORAGE COASTAL PROTECTION TOURISM & RECREATION LIVELIHOODS & ECONOMIES SENSE OF PLACE Clean waters BIODIVERSITY

4. FOOD PROVISION ARTISANAL FISHING OPPORTUNITIES NATURAL PRODUCTS Current Status CARBON STORAGE PRESENT REFERENCE + COASTAL PROTECTION TOURISM & RECREATION Likely Future LIVELIHOODS & ECONOMIES Trend SENSE OF PLACE Pressures Clean waters Resilience BIODIVERSITY

5. Functional relationships:now vs. the ideal Maximum sustainable yield multispecies MSY Food provision: fisheries Worm et al. 2009 Science Current

6. Time series:now vs. then Carbon storage Change in mangrove areal extent

7. Time series:now vs. then Carbon storage Change in mangrove areal extent

8. Spatial comparisons:now vs. there Food provision: mariculture Data from FAO

9. Spatial comparisons:now vs. there Livelihoods: wages Worse Better Marine wages

10. Established state:now vs. a precedent Sense of place: lasting special places 10% by 2020

11. Reference points for the global analysis

12. First Global Assessment • 171 countries/territories • All waters within EEZs • >100 data layers

13. Some key messages/results • Index provides a portfolio perspective • Sustainability fundamental to, and operationalized in, the Index • Human benefits central to Index • Different perspectives incorporated

14. AO = Artisanal Opportunity FIS = Fisheries MAR = Mariculture NP = Natural Products CS = Carbon Storage CP = Coastal Protection TR = Tourism & Recreation LIV = Livelihoods ECO = Economies ICO = Iconid Species LSP = Lasting Special Places HAB = Habitats SPP = Species CW = Clean Waters FP LE SP BD Portfolio Perspective: many ways to get a score *

15. AO = Artisanal Opportunity FIS = Fisheries MAR = Mariculture NP = Natural Products CS = Carbon Storage CP = Coastal Protection TR = Tourism & Recreation LIV = Livelihoods ECO = Economies ICO = Iconid Species LSP = Lasting Special Places HAB = Habitats SPP = Species CW = Clean Waters FP LE SP BD Portfolio Perspective: many ways to get a score

16. AO = Artisanal Opportunity FIS = Fisheries MAR = Mariculture NP = Natural Products CS = Carbon Storage CP = Coastal Protection TR = Tourism & Recreation LIV = Livelihoods ECO = Economies ICO = Iconid Species LSP = Lasting Special Places HAB = Habitats SPP = Species CW = Clean Waters FP LE SP BD Portfolio Perspective: many ways to get a score

17. Artisanal Opportunity Food Provision Natural Products Carbon Storage Coastal Protection Tourism & Recreation Livelihoods & Economies Sense of Place Biodiversity Clean Waters Sustainability: future state

18. Accounting for different perspectives: weighting goals by value sets • People care about different aspects of the ocean • These differences are really important to understand and capture if management is to be effective

19. All goals are presumed equally important Extractive goals are presumed more important

20. OHI: Science to Action

21. Summary • Transparent, quantitative, ‘divable’, scalable, flexible, responsive, synthetic, target-driven, best available information