Brainstorming Workshop on Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for Production, Processing a

1. Brainstorming Workshop on Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for Production, Processing and Logistics 5th October, 2013 GargiHall, IIT Kharagpur

2. Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for Production, Processing and Logistics A Draft Proposal By Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

4. Food Production and Distribution in India – Current Scenario • Food production in India......Current Scenario • Projected increase in food productivity - 50% by 2020, 100% by 2040 • 25-35% Losses in handling, transportation and storage • Only 6% of logistics is linked with ICT • High leakage through PDS • FCI requires 52-74 MT* storage against 30 MT of current capacity • Cold storage requires 31 MT against 21.7 MT of current capacity * MT – Million Tonnes References 1) Challenges of food security and its Management, 2011, National Rainfed Area Authoroty, Planning Commission, Government of India. 2) Gahukar, R.T., Food Security in India: The Challenge of Food Production and Distribution, Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, 2011, Vol.-12, pp. 270-286. 3) Gulati, A., Gujral, J., .Nandakumar, T., National Food Security Bill Challenges and Options (http://cacp.dacnet.nic.in/NFSB.pdf). 4) Viswanadham, N., Improving India’s Food Supply Chain, Supply Chain management and Logistics 2.0, 2008, Vol.- 4(2), pp29-32 5) http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2012/sustainable-approaches-to-reducing-food-waste-in-india.html 6) http://www.indianexpress.com/news/-india-will-have-to-double-food-production-by-2040-/1039151

5. Food Production and Distribution in India – Major Challenges • Colossal wastage • Low yield • Variable food grain quality • Inadequate infrastructure for cold chain, storage, handling, and • transportation • Poor database management • Lack of control over quantity and quality to end customer –Not dense • monitoring • Lack of traceability

6. Food Production and Distribution in India – Required Approach In order to overcome these tremendous challenges in food production and distribution system in India, a Comprehensive and Multi-disciplinary research and innovative work is required.

7. Food Production and Distribution in India – Required Approach

8. Food Production and Distribution in India – Framework for NFSA • Robust Food • Supply Chain • Procurement and Packaging • Transportation and • Distribution • Warehousing and cold chain • ICT • Biotechnological • Solution • Functional Genomics • Metabolomics • Low Cost Nutraceuticals • Diagnostics Framework for implementing Food Security Act • Post-harvesting • and Storage • Processing and Storage • Quality assessment • Food Production • Mechanization • Water and Nutrients • Climate change

9. Overview of the Proposal • Collaborative research would be pursued with other IITs. • A pilot project will also be undertaken by adopting villages near IIT Kharagpur to disseminate best practices in terms of key findings, technologies, innovation, and methodology.

10. Distribution Operational Stages Related to Food Supply Chain • Waste handling • Waste handling

11. Procurement

12. Transportation and Storage

13. Distribution

14. Waste handling

15. WP 1: Strategic and operational support to implement NFSA Leading Department: Industrial Engineering & Management Program 1: Demand, Procurement and Packaging requirements Program 2: Storage and Transportation requirements Program 3: Stock management & replenishment policy Program 4: Information and communication technology (ICT) and waste control in Logistics Program 5: Multi-model hierarchical strategic modeling

16. Lead Department:Agricultural and Food Engineering DepartmentIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur • Thematic Research Areas: • Food Grain Production • Post-harvest Processing and Storage Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for Production, Processing and Logistics

17. Food Grain Production & Post-harvest Processing and Storage

18. Village adoption: Food Grain Production • Mechanization: • Land preparation • Sowing/planting • Fertilizer and pesticide application • Harvesting • Nutrient management: • Need-based nutrient • Integrated nutrient management • Water management: • Irrigation system • Ground water recharge • Water conservation • Climate change adaptation: • Crops and cultivars • Production practices • Weather-based advisory service

19. Village adoption: Post-harvest Processing and Storage • Grain processing & Storage: • Primary processing of grains • Modernized grain storage system • Efficient management • Stored food grain quality: • Quality control system • Quality assessment methodologies

20. Research & Innovations in Food Grain Production Work Package: Precision agriculture and sustainable technologies for enhancing food grain production Mechanization in Food Grain Production Water and Nutrient Management Climate Change Adaptations/Mitigations

21. Programme 1: Mechanization in Food Grain Production • Objectives: • Development of sensor-based technology for seed metering and fertilizer application • Development of harvesting machine and pest management tools Machine suitable in farmers field of different land holding sizes Precision nutrient and pest management Skill building of farmers with regard to machine use

22. Programme 2: Water and Nutrient Management • Objectives: • Development of technologies for enhanced water use efficiency • Real-time irrigation and nutrient management technologies • Application of nano-materials fertilizer for production improvement Nano-materaial based fertilizer application packages ICT-based real time irrigation and nutrient management Technologies for increasing WUE

23. Programme 3: Climate Change Adaptations and Mitigations • Objectives: • Analysis and understanding of climate change impacts on soil health, water demand and food grain production • Identification of climate-resilient cultivars of cereal crops • Development of agro-adaptations/mitigations Cultivars for rising temperature environment Agro-adaptations on water and nutrient management Production system adaptations Target Production Research & Innovation Basic information on production

24. Research & Innovations in Post-harvest Processing & Storage Work Package: Processing and storage technologies to minimize post-harvest loss of food grains Grain Processing & Storage Stored Food Grain Quality Assessment

25. Programme 1: Grain Processing and Storage • Objectives: • To develop processing and storage technology • To minimize storage losses by technology up-gradation • Setting up of tertiary processing centres for RTE meals for processing and packaging RTE practices Efficient storage structure from farm to national level Upgraded on-farm processing technology

26. Programme 2: Stored Food Grain Quality Assessment • Objectives: • Development of food grain quality control systems and methodologies • Rapid methods for quality & safety assessment of stored grains • Efficient handling system for online tracking with modern techniques and methods Capacity building of farmers, entrepreneurs and stake holders Rapid grain quality assessment methods Efficient handling system

27. Programme 2: Stored Food Grain Quality Assessment Collaborating Partners • Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR, Bhopal • Dr. B.S. Konkan Agricultural University, Pune • Central Rice Research Institute, ICAR, Cuttack • Bidhan Chandra Krishi Visvavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal • Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi • Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhunabeswar, Odisha • Indian Grain Storage Management and Research Institute, Hapur, UP

28. Biotechnological solutions to sustain National Food Security Act 2013 Leading Department: Department of Biotechnology

29. Goal: • ‘Adequate quantity of quality food at affordable prices’ to the target people • Food for proper energy, better nutrition and appropriate healthcare What are the different levels of R & D that need to be addressed ? Requirement : short-term (3-5 years) & long-term (6-10 years) programs Biotechnology can play significant role in these programs at all 4 levels

30. Specific Biotechnological Programs Robust multidisciplinary projects involving different departments/centers of IIT-Kharagpur along with research collaborators from outside.

31. Functional Genomics of rice crop for improvement of grain yield and product quality Rice genome sequence information Bioinformatics *Gene involved in grain yield: Biotic & abiotic stress-tolerant, grain size & weight, semi-dwarfism, efficient nutrient uptake, male sterility for hybrid seed *Gene involved in product quality: Nutrient-enrichment, toxin elimination Predicted genes* involved in grain yield & product quality Expression profiling/ Microarray analysis Allele mining from wild type/ cultivated accessions Transgenic technology to create ‘loss-of-function’ & ‘gain-of-function’ mutations Identified/ characterized sets of candidate genes Functional / genic molecular marker for selective breeding of desired trait in progeny Genetically modified plant with desired trait in elite cultivar Field trail etc. Release of cultivars

32. Metabolomics for developing biomarkers as a tool to evaluate the superior phenotypes of cereal cultivars Rice wild type/ cultivated accessions Metabolomics Identified sets of metabolites correlated to desired traits* Development of targeted diagnostic assays for metabolite assisted breeding of desired trait in progeny Field trail etc. Release of cultivars

33. Food security through reduced dietary intake: Low cost nutraceuticals development from rice, wheat and coarse grains Coarse grains Rice grains Wheat grains More prebiotic enriched semi-processed grains Nutritional analysis, pilot testing in local hospitals, municipality and medical college with involvement of nutrition experts, and packaging/shelf life testing • Per capita consumption can be reduced • Dietary carbohydrate based energy release may be improved • Gut microbiota will be better managed to save 40% wastage of carbohydrate • Metabolic engineering of grain crop carbohydrate will enable cost-effective and efficient healthcare Biotechnological processing for preferred carbohydrate profile Fortification with probiotics & micronutrients

34. Developing sensitive diagnostic kit for detection of pathogens in stored food grains Stored grains and food materials Sensitive Diagnostic Kit* Identification of pathogens and toxins *Kit based upon: Biochemical, Polymerase chain reaction, serological tests coupled with sensitive image capturing device Segregation/ destruction of infected food materials Uninfected food materials are ready for public distribution systems

35. Prospective Collaborating Partners • National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad • Bidhan Chandra Krishi Visvavidyalaya • Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack • Seed or agri-business companies • Others….

36. Thank you all