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DAILY QUESTION October 22, 2008. What is an organic compound? (Make sure you are writing the book definition!). Agenda 10/22/08. Daily Question Check-in: Ch 5 sect 3 Wksht Ch 5 Section 4 Notes Assignments: 1. Ch 5 Sect 4 Review Worksheet . Organic Compound.
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DAILY QUESTION October 22, 2008 • What is an organic compound? • (Make sure you are writing the book definition!)
Agenda 10/22/08 • Daily Question • Check-in: Ch 5 sect 3 Wksht • Ch 5 Section 4 Notes Assignments: 1. Ch 5 Sect 4 Review Worksheet
Organic Compound • A covalently bonded compound made of molecules • Always Contain Carbon • Almost always contain Hydrogen
Hydrocarbon • Compound made of only carbon and hydrogen atoms • Simplest hydrocarbon is Methane, CH4
Alkanes • Hydrocarbons that have only single covalent bonds • Methane, CH4 • Ethane, C2H6 • Propane, C3H8 • Names end in -anes
Normal Alkanes • When carbon atoms line up in a row • Called n-alkanes
Condensed structural formulas • Show how the atoms bond • Table 9, page 167
Alkanes, carbon atom chains, with more than 3 carbon atoms • Can be: • Branched • Unbranched • Rings
Alkane Chemical Formulas • Follow a pattern: CnH2n+2
Alkenes • Hydrocarbons with at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms • C=C • Simplest Alkene is Ethene, C2H4 • Propene, C3H6 • Names end in -ene
Alcohols • Organic compounds that are made of oxygen as well as carbon and hydrogen • Have hydroxyl or –OH groups • Methanol, CH3OH • Ethanol, CH3CH2OH • Isopropanol, C3H8O or (CH3)2CHOH • Names end in -ol
Alcohols • Behave similar to water • Structure is like a water molecule, but one hydrogen atom is replaced by a methyl, or CH3 group • Attracted to neighboring molecules • At room temperature they are liquids
Polymers • Small organic molecules bond to form long chains called polymers
Polyethene • Poly means many • Ethene is an alkene, C2H4 • Means “many ethenes”
Natural: Rubber Wood Cotton Wool Starch Protein DNA Man-made: Plastics Fibers Polymers
Properties of Polymers • Determined by its structure • Elasticity
Biochemical Compounds • Naturally occurring organic compounds • Carbohydrates • Proteins • DNA
Carbohydrates • Any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things • Glucose • Starch
Proteins • An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells • Amino acids are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen • 20 naturally occurring amino acids • They way they bind determines the protein made
DNA • Made of organic molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus • In the form of paired chains, or strands in a twisted ladder, or double helix