Detailed Reading

1. Detailed Reading • Unit1

2. Difficult Sentences • As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. (para5, line17) This is an absolute construction（独立主格结构）used as an adverbial of behavior or way. Instead of v-ing form we can also use v-ed form, adjective, adverbial, prepositional phrase, or even infinitive in this structure. More examples: He groaned and fell to the floor, blood streaming from his nose. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.

3. Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.(para6, line20) Here we can’t use “and” to replace the word “or” in this sentence. Because according to the grammar you must use “or” instead of “and” after a negative word such as “none” and “not”. More examples: I do not like coffee or tea. The situation is just not fair on the childrenor their parents.

4. Language Points

5. Article_W_ heated A heated discussion about whether men are braver than women is settled in a rather unexpected way. heated: adj. angry; excited At a heated moment in the discussion, I lost my self-control. Ed and I used to stay up all night, drinking wine and having heated arguments about politics. NB: heated的名词形式为heat意为“激烈, 激动”。例如： In the heat of the argument, I became so excited that I shouted very loudly. 在激烈辩论中，我变得如此激动以至于大声叫了起来。

6. Article1-2_W_ track down The Dinner Party Mona Gardner I first heard this tale in India, where it is told as if true — though any naturalist would know it couldn’t be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down.(para1) The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests — officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist — in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda. track down: find (sb./sth.) by hunting or searching It was almost two weeks before they tracked down the facts they needed. 警察需要你来帮助追捕杀人犯。 The police need your help to track down the murderer.

7. Article1-2_W_ bare1 The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests — officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist — in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.(para2) bare: 1. adj. 1) not covered; with no plants growing on it 如果我记得不错的话， 在你家乡附近有座光秃秃的小山。 If my memory serves me, there was a bare hill near your hometown. The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests — officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist — in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda. 2) no more than; mere The candidate won the election by a bare majority. 2.v.reveal The lady screamed as the snake bared its teeth.

8. CF: bare, bald, naked & nude 这几个形容词都含“赤裸的”之意。 Article1-2_W_ bare2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading bare指缺少必要的遮盖物。用于人时，多指身体的部分裸露。例如： The Dinner Party Mona Gardner He exposed a bare back to the sun. I first heard this tale in India, where it is told as if true — though any naturalist would know it couldn’t be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down. 他把赤裸的背部暴露在日光下。 bald指头上无发，地上无草木，树上无叶等。例如： He was already bald at the age of 25. The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests — officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist — in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda. 他25岁就秃顶了。 naked指全身一丝不挂，暴露无遗。例如： They found the body lying half naked in the grass. 他们发现尸体半裸着躺在草丛中。 The children ran naked through the yard. 孩子们光着身子跑过院子。 nude主要指人体裸露，也可指房间无装饰。例如： The boys went swimming in the nude. 男孩们光着屁股去游泳。

9. Article3-5_W_ spring up A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t. (para3) spring up: begin suddenly, increase or grow quickly and as if from nowhere 许多楼房已在原是一片沙漠的地带涌现出来。 The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy’s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. Many buildings have sprung up in what was a desert. A strange idea sprang up in her mind.

10. Article3-5_W_ outgrow A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t. (para3) outgrow: vt. 1) grow more than 他长得比他哥哥还高。 He has outgrown his elder brother. 2) grow too large for The boy has outgrown this suit. 3) lose or discard in the course of maturation The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy’s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. 她长大成熟后不再拥有年轻时代的幻想。 She outgrew her youthful idealism. He has outgrown these toys.

11. Article3-5_W_ jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t. (para3) jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse NB: 这是一个由定语从句 (the era) when they would jump on a chair at the sight of a mouse变化而来的复合形容词。更多的例子如下： The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy’s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. a not-so-easy-to-operate machine stick-in-the-mud people

12. Article3-5_W_ crisis1 “A woman’s reaction in any crisis,” the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.” (para4) crisis: n. time of difficulty, danger, etc. Many American people lost their jobs in the economic crisis of 1929. The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy’s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. crisis & emergency 这两个名词都有“危急”之意。 CF: crisis含义广泛，可指国家存亡、历史、经济或人 的生命、疾病等面临危急关头；也可指好的 或恶化的转折点。 emergency多指突然发生的出乎意料的紧急情况 或事故。

13. Article3-5_W_ crisis3 A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t. “A woman’s reaction in any crisis,” the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.” Collocation: 在紧急关头 at a crisis 使陷入危机 bring to a crisis 陷入危机 come to a crisis 面临危机 face a crisis The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy’s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. 渡过危机, 脱离危险期 pass a crisis

14. Article3-5_W_ feel like “A woman’s reaction in any crisis,” the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.” “A woman’s reaction in any crisis,” the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.” (para4) feel like: have a liking for, wish for; want (sth. to do sth.) 多么好的天气啊！我真想去游泳。 The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy’s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. What lovely weather! I do feel like a swim. Mary doesn’t feel like playing tennis today because she feels tired.

15. Article3-5_W_ count “A woman’s reaction in any crisis,” the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.” (para4) count: vi. be of value or importance 你读了多少书并不重要，而你读了什么书才是真正重要的。 The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy’s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. It is not how much you read but what you read that really counts.

16. Article3-5_W_ argument1 The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. (para5) argument: n. 1) discussion by persons who disagree; dispute A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t. “A woman’s reaction in any crisis,” the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.” The two teams were having an argument over the score. 2) reason given to support or disapprove sth. There are many arguments against smoking. 然而,他的论点是站不住脚的。 His argument, however, does not hold water.

17. Article3-5_W_ argument3 A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t. “A woman’s reaction in any crisis,” the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.” argument, conflict, debate & dispute 这几个名词均有“争执、不和”之意。 CF: argument指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辩论。 conflict指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。 debate通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。 dispute普通用词，特指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。 The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy’s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room.

18. Article3-5_W_ contract The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. (para5) contract: vi. 1) make or become tighter or narrower Her stomach contracted at the sight of a cobra. 2) make or become smaller or shorter 金属遇冷收缩。 Metal contracts as it cools. 3) settle or arrange by formal arrangement The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy’s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. 我们商店与本地一家服装厂签订了每周100件外衣的合同。 Our shop contracted with a local clothing firm for 100 coats a week.

19. Article6-9_W_ impulse His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone. (para8) impulse: n. sudden wish to do sth. Don’t act on impulse. You will regret it later. She bought the dress on impulse. Collocation: 易冲动的人 a man of impulse “I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred — that’s five minutes — and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready!” 意气用事，凭冲动行事 act on impulse 有做某事的冲动 feel an impulse to do sth.

20. Article6-9_W_ warn1 His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone. (para8) warn: vt. give notice of possible danger to; inform in advanceof what may happen Pattern: warn sb. of sth.; warn sb. not to do sth.; warn sb. that-clause We had warned him of the danger but he turned a deaf ear to our warning. The boys were warned not to play with the matches. 她曾提醒我们，那个冬季将非常寒冷。 She warned us that the winter would be severe.

21. Article6-9_W_ warn2 caution, warn, advise 这些动词均有“劝告、忠告、警告”之意。 CF: Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors. The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing — bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters — the likeliest place — but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left — under the table. His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone. caution主要指针对有潜在危险而提出的警告，含小心从事的意味。例如： warn 含义与caution相同，但语气较重，尤指后果严重。例如： advise 普通用词，泛指劝告，不涉及对方是否听从劝告。例如： I received a caution from the doctor about fat in my diet. 医生劝告我注意饮食中的脂肪量。 His doctor advised him against smoking. 他的医生建议他不要抽烟。 “I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred — that’s five minutes — and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready!” “I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred — that’s five minutes — and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready!” My job involves counseling unemployed people on how to find work. 我的工作就是给失业者提供如何找到工作的咨询。

22. Article6-9_W_ frighten sb His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone. (para8) frighten sb. into doing sth.: cause sb. to do sth. by frightening him frighten sb. into (doing) sth.; frighten sb. out of doing sth.; frighten sb. + adv. Pattern: A cobra emerged from behind the rock. This frightened the girl into screaming. “I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred — that’s five minutes — and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready!” Collocation: 害怕, 对…感到恐惧 be frightened of 吓跑, 吓走 frighten away / off 用恐吓手段迫使某人做 / 不做某事 frighten sb. into / out of doing sth. “I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred — that’s five minutes — and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready!” frighten to death 吓死了

23. Article6-9_W_ tone His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone. (para8) tone: n. 1) quality in one's voice, style 别用那种腔调跟我说话。 Don't speak to me in that tone. 2) the effect of light and shade “I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred — that’s five minutes — and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready!” The colors of the birds in the picture matched the tones of the sky. 3) sound with regard to highness, lowness, or strength 汤姆的吉他音质很好。 Tom's guitar has a nice tone.

24. Article10-13_W_ emerge1 The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying “... two hundred and eighty…” when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. (para10) emerge: vi. come or appear (from somewhere) The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying “... two hundred and eighty…” when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut. “You were right, Major!” the host exclaims. “A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.” “Just a minute,” the American says, turning to his hostess. “Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?” A faint smile lights up the woman’s face as she replies: “Because it was crawling across my foot.” He emerged from behind the tree. 太阳从云层后面露出来。 The sun emerged from behind the clouds. emerge, appear & loom这三个动词均有“出现”之意。 CF: emerge强调缓缓出现的过程。 appear强调公开露面，被看见。 loom指朦胧出现，好像从雾中浮现出来一样。

25. Article10-13_W_ make for The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying “... two hundred and eighty…” when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. (para10) make for: 1) move (esp. quickly) towards When the class was over, everyone made for the dining room. 2) cause; lead to; result in; help; favor sth. Poor service does not make for satisfied customers.

26. Article10-13_W_ ring out The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying “... two hundred and eighty…” when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut. (para10) ring out: (of a voice, bell, etc.) sound loudly and clearly Cheers rang out from the crowd waiting in front of the building. 突然一声枪响，紧接着是一片寂静。 A shot rang out, and then there was silence.

27. Article10-13_W_ slam The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying “... two hundred and eighty…” when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut. (para10) slam: v. shut noisily and with great force He slammed the door so hard that the glass crashed. The door suddenly slammed. 汤姆使劲关上窗户。 Tom slammed the window.

28. Article10-13_W_ faint A faint smile lights up the woman’s face as she replies: “Because it was crawling across my foot.” (para13) faint: adj.weak or slight; indistinct 他因饥饿而晕倒了。 He felt faint for lack of food. There is a faint hope that she may be cured.

29. Article10-13_W_ light up: A faint smile lights up the woman’s face as she replies: “Because it was crawling across my foot.” (para13) light up: 1) cause to be bright with light or colour; give light to The sun rose and began to light up the sky. 2) (cause to) become bright with pleasure or excitement Her face lighted / lit up when she heard the good news.

30. After Reading

31. After Reading_7.1 Writing Practice — Combining Sentences with Coordinating Conjunctions and Conjunctive Adverbs A brief introduction 1. Coordinating conjunction • Coordinating conjunctions are the words which connect words, phrases, and clauses. There are mainly seven coordinating conjunctions. An easy way to remember them is to think of the word FANBOYS. See the following table. F A N B O Y S for and nor but or yet so

32. After Reading_7.2 2) The following are the examples to show how to connect words, phrases, and clauses with coordinating conjunctions. Remember, when using a conjunction to join two sentences, use a comma before the conjunction. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS SAMPLE SENTENCES I cannot tell whether she is old or young, for I have never seen her. for and We have tickets for the symphony and the opera. nor Sam was not at the meeting, nor was he at work yesterday. but It's an old car, but it's very reliable. or Shall we go out to the cinema or stay at home? The sun was shining, yet it was quite cold. yet so I wanted to sit in the front of the balcony, so I ordered my tickets early.

33. After Reading_7_3 2. Conjunctive adverb • Conjunctive adverbs are the words which connect two clauses. Conjunctive adverbs show cause and effect, sequence, contrast, comparison, or other relationships. They usually appear between independent clauses or sentences, but may join a dependent clause to a main (independent) clause. The common conjunctive adverbs are as follows: accordingly, again, also, besides, consequently, finally, furthermore, however, incidentally, moreover, namely, nevertheless, otherwise, then, therefore, thus

34. After Reading_7_4 2) The following are the examples to show how to use conjunctive adverbs. Notice the conjunctive adverb separates two independent clauses (sentences). Punctuate conjunctive adverbs using a semicolon (;) at the end of the first clause, followed by a comma (,) after the conjunctive adverb. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS SAMPLE SENTENCES Most computer users have never received any formal keyboard training. Consequently, their keyboard skills are inefficient. consequently The majority of Americans increased their wealth in the past decade. Furthermore, the gains were substantial. furthermore accordingly There aren't many jobs available. Accordingly, companies receive hundreds of resumés for every opening.

35. After Reading_7_5 Using language is a very complex enterprise. Moreover, there is more to communication than merely putting sentences together. moreover What you said was true. It was, nevertheless, a little unkind. nevertheless The houses were used for soldiers. Thus, the structures survived the Civil War. thus