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Philip II of Macedon & the demise of hellenic greece

Philip II of Macedon & the demise of hellenic greece. Western Civilization University High School 2011-12. Problems Facing Hellenic Greece. constant warfare, political/military conflict between city-states

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Philip II of Macedon & the demise of hellenic greece

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  1. Philip II of Macedon & the demise of hellenicgreece Western Civilization University High School 2011-12

  2. Problems Facing Hellenic Greece • constant warfare, political/military conflict between city-states • hegemony: political & military dominance of one city-state over the others (Sparta, then Athens) • rise of federalism: system of political power where independent states are bound together by a common federal government • inspiration for American federalism and US Constitution

  3. Macedonia

  4. Macedonia • land north of mainland Greece • large area, big population, fertile land

  5. Philip II • becomes king of Macedonia in 359 BCE • saw Athens as primary threat to Macedonia • began to expand Macedonian rule in NW Aegean Sea • by 338 BCE: conquered Athens and Thebes, took control of Greece

  6. Philip II • used concepts of peace, federalism to rule conquered Greek lands • united Greek states under his control • retained many of the ancient Greek ideals and ways of living

  7. Alexander the great Western Civilization University High School 2011-12

  8. The Rise & Importance of Alexander • Philip II assassinated in 336 BCE • Macedonian throne  Alexander (his son) • overthrows Persians, spreads Hellenism (Greek culture & way of life) through Europe and Asia • Alexander’s rule (starting in 336 BCE) = beginning of Hellenistic era of Ancient Greece (and end of Hellenic era)

  9. Alexander Spreads Hellenism:The Great Crusade • wanted to complete dad’s plan to unite Macedonians & Greeks against the Persians • “a great crusade” • revenge for Persian invasions of Greek land • 334 BCE: Alexander leads Macedonian/Greek army into Asia Minor • Included philosophers, poets, scientists, historians  document & spread Greek culture!

  10. The Great Crusade • in Egypt: took control, honored priests, named pharoah • consulted oracle of Zeus-Amon, began considering himself the son of Zeus

  11. The Great Crusade • in Persia: • defeated Persian army at Battle of Gaugamela • captured capital city (Persepolis) and burned Xerxes’ buildings in revenge for attacking Greece • captured last Persian capital (Ecbatana) in 330 BCE, killed Persian king

  12. The Great Crusade… continues?

  13. The Great Crusade… continues? • Persian empire defeated, but Alexander not done yet • determined to explore and conquer all of Asia • 326 BCE: crossed the Indus River into India

  14. The Great Crusade… continues? • 323 BCE: Alexander the Great dies in Babylon at the age of 32

  15. Alexander the Great’s Legacy • demise of Persian empire (200 year rule) • established Macedonian monarchy instead • founded new colonies, cities across the East • connection between East and West  spread of Greek culture, ideas

  16. The Hellenistic Period:What’s So Different From the Hellenic Period? • return of monarchies • historical concept for Greeks, but came back into fashion to unite disparate groups of people • kingship was hereditary (even for women, in some cases)

  17. But We Miss the Polis! • Greeks were used to being sovereign: independent, free, autonomous • Greek immigration encouraged to provide people to run new Greek monarchies • offered land, money • built cities to resemble polis life

  18. Hellenistic Cities vs. The Polis • cities had assemblies, etc.  but could not make treaties, wage wars, pursue foreign relations, etc. • appearance of democracy, but the king was ultimately in charge

  19. Hellenistic Cities vs. The Polis • inequality in Hellenistic cities • natives/non-Greeks did not have same rights as Greeks • did not spark the same unity & togetherness that the polis had

  20. Hellenistic Cities vs. The Polis • Hellenistic cities similar to today’s cities • cultural centers (temples, theaters) • educational centers (libraries, schools) • economic centers (marketplaces, trade) • political centers (rule of the king)

  21. A Merging of Cultures • “Greekness” (Hellenism) spread throughout the “East” • big advantage to adopting Hellenism: the pervasiveness of Greek ideas • ex. Greek became language of Egypt, East, etc. (commerce, trade, politics) • began giving citizenship to “Hellenized” citizens

  22. Alexander the Great Mini-Q • Complete all questions and activities in the DBQ packet. • Write a paragraph whether or not Alexander the Great should be considered “great.” • Use at least two documents from the Mini-Q packet to support your answer. • Due Monday, Feb. 26th • Also due Monday: Ch. 3 Key Terms & Summary Questions

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